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Here are a few chants and song that can be inspiring to any ritual. most of these chants have been colleted over many years so i am not sure who most of them are by but i do hope you enjoy and use these chants

Full Moonlight Dance

Under the full moon light we dance,
Hand in hand we dance
Heart to heart we dance
Soul to soul rejoice.

Four-Fold God and Goddess chants

Maiden, Warrior, Mother, Crone,
Flower, sword-blade, ivy, bone,
Help us make ourselves our own,
Maiden, Warrior, Mother, Crone.
Lover, Guardian, Hunter, Guide,
Wind and shield and bow and tide,
Help us shed what’s false in pride,
Lover, Guardian, Hunter, Guide.

The Earth is cheap online pharmacy our Mother

The earth is our mother,
We must take care of her.
The earth is our mother,
We must take care of her.

Chorus: Hey yanna, ho yanna, hey yan yan. Hey yanna, ho yanna, hey yan yan.

Her sacred ground we walk upon
With every step we take.
Her sacred ground we walk upon
With every step we take.

Chorus

The earth is our mother,
She will take care of us.
The earth is our mother,
She will take care of us.
Chorus

The sky is our father
We must take care of him
The sky is our father
We must take care of him

His sacred air we take inside
With every breath we take
His sacred air we take inside
With every breath we take

The sky is our father
He will take care of us
The sky is our father
He will take care of us

Aradia’s Chant

Full Moon shining bright
Midnight on the water
Oh, Aradia
Diana’s silver daughter

The Circle Shapes Us

The Circle shapes us
body and mind
heart and soul are one.
©1984 Deirdre Pulgram Arthen

The Moon Is High

The Moon is high at the witching hour,
Children come to this place of power;
Our hands are raised to four directions,
Spirit force is born again.

Amazing Grapes

Amazing grapes, how sweet the taste
That fed a lush like me
I drank too much wine at Festival
and lost my virginity

T’was grapes that taught my friends to cringe
Through grapes, my stress relieved
Obnoxious words come out my mouth
That you would not believe

Through many vinyards east and west
I have thus come so far
The grapevine has brought me comfort sure
While driving in my car

Amazing grapes, how sweet the taste
That fed a lush like me
I drank too much wine at Wiccan Fest
and lost my virginity

How sweet the sound of popping corks
To this great lover’s ear
It sooths the thirst upon my tongue
Don’t drink it after beer

Most raisins shrivel in the sun
While other grapes go free
Lets give the juice to everyone
Especially to me

Amazing grapes, how sweet the taste
That fed a lush like me
I drank too much wine at Ravenwood
and lost my virginity

I drank too much wine at Winter Star
And lost my virginity

Sung to the traditional Amazing Grace

Lyrics by: Pasha, “Pasha and the Pagans” 1993.

Ah Way Ya Hey

Ah way ah hey, ah way ah hey
I fly a hey, I fly a hey
Become the sun, the moon and stars
Way up I fly, I hey I hi

Closing Song

By the air that is her breath
By the fire of her bright spirit
By the waters of her womb
By the earth that is her body

Our circle is open yet unbroken
May the peace (love, joy) of the Goddess
Be ever in our hearts
Merry meet, and merry part and merry meet again

Earth My(Our) Body

Earth my(our) body, water my(our) blood: Air my(our) breath and fire my(our) spirit

Eko Eko

Eko Eko, Aradia: Eko Eko, Hecate, Freya
We’ll teach our children year after year
To love with their hearts: And live without fear

God And Goddess Chant

Isis, Astarte, Diana, Hecate, Demeter, Kali, Innanna

Pan, Poseidon, Dionysus, Cernunnos, Mithras, Loki, Apollo

Light Of The Mystery

In the freedom of the mystery I am (x4)
In the heart of the light I am (x4)
In the dark of the night I am (x4)

In the freedom of the spirit I am (x1)
In the knowledge of the one I am (x1)
In the song of the light I am (x1)
In the mirror of the all I am (x1)

In the centre of the source I am (x4)

Moon Phase Chant

Where is the Moon when the Moon is new?
It’s a sliver to the right getting bigger every night

Where is the Moon when the Moon is round?
Rising as the sun is going down

Where is the Moon when the Moon is waning?
Sliver to the left till there’s no Moon remaining

Wiccan Amazing Grace

Amazing Grace, how sweet the earth
That formed (bore) a witch like me
I once was burned, now I survive
Was hanged but now I sing. (I’m free)

T’was grace that drew down the Moon
And grace that raised the sea
The magic of the people’s will
Will set our Mother free

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• The Full Spirited Four-Fold Goddess (beliefnet.com)
• Farthest Full Moon of 2010 on Tuesday Is Smallest, Too (space.com)

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Originally posted 2010-08-25 12:12:21. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

‘I have been a word among letters.’

–The Book of Taliesyn, VIII

What’s in a word?  Or a name?  What special power resides in a word, connecting it so intimately to the very thing it symbolizes?

Does each word or name have its own  ‘vibration’, as is generally believed by those of us who follow the Western occult tradition?  And if so, how do we begin to unravel its meaning?  Just what, exactly, is in a word?  Well, LETTERS are in a word.  In fact, letters COMPRISE the word.  Which is why Taliesyn’s remark had always puzzled me.  Why didn’t he say he had been a ‘letter among words’?  That, at least, would seem to make more logical sense than saying he had been a ‘word among letters’, which seems backwards.  Unless…

Unless he was trying to tell us that the word is NOT the important thing — the critical thing is the LETTERS that make up a word!  The Welsh bard Taliesyn was, after all, a pretty gifted fellow.   He certainly put all the other bards at Maelgwyn’s court to shame.  And over the years, I’ve learned never to take his statements lightly — even his most enigmatic statements.  Perhaps he was really suggesting that, in order to understand the true meaning of a word or name, one   must first analyse the letters that comprise it.   Of course, this is certainly not a new theory.  Any student of arcane lore would at once recognize this concept as belonging in the opening remarks of any standard text on numerology.   But to read the same meaning behind a line of poetry penned by a 6th century Welsh bard may be a bit surprising.  Is it possible that the Celts had their own system of numerology?

Let us begin the quest by asking ourselves what we know about numerology in general.  Most of our modern knowledge of numerology has been gleaned from ancient Hebrew tradition, which states that the true essence of anything is enshrined in its name.  But there are so many names and words in any given language that it becomes necessary to reduce each word to one of a small number of ‘types’  — in this case, numerological types from 1 to 9  (plus any master numbers of 11, 22,etc.).  This is easily accomplished by assigning a numerical value to each letter of the alphabet, i.e. A=1, B=2, C=3, and so on.  Thus, to obtain the numerical value of any word, one simply has to add up the numerical values of all the letters, which comprise the word.  If the sum is a two-digit number, the two digits are then added to each other  (except in the case of 11, 22, etc.) to obtain the single digit numerical value of the entire word, which may then be analysed by traditional Pythagorean standards.

The problem has always been how to be sure of the numerical value

 Of each letter.  Why SHOULD A equal 1, or B equal 2, or Q equal 8?

Where did these values come from?   Who assigned them?   Fortunately, the answer to this is quite simple in most cases.   Many ancient languages used letters of the alphabet to stand for numbers (Roman numerals being the most familiar example).  Ancient Hebrew, for instance, had no purely numerical symbols — like our 1, 2, 3, etc. — so their letters of the alphabet had to do double duty as numbers as well.   One had to discern from the context whether the symbol was meant as letter or number.  This was true of classical Latin, as well. Thus, in languages such as these, it is easy to see how a number became associated with a letter:  the letter WAS the number.

It is a bit more difficult to see how the associations in ‘modern’   numerology came into being.   The modern numerological table consists of the numbers 1 through 9, under which the alphabet from A through Z is written in standard order:

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I
J	K	L	M	N	O	P	Q	R
S	TU	V	W	X	Y	Z

This arrangement seems somewhat arbitrary, at best.  At the very least, it is difficult to sense any ‘intrinsically meaningful’   relationship between a letter and its numerical value.  After all, our modern alphabetical symbols and our modern numerical symbols (Arabic) come from two completely different sources and cultures.

For this reason, many contemporary numerologists prefer the ancient Hebrew system because, at least here, there is a known connection between letter and number.   However, when we attempt to adapt this system to the English language, a whole new set of problems crops up.   For one, the entire alphabet is arranged in a different order and some of our modern letters have NO Hebrew equivalents.    Thus, based on the Hebrew alphabet, the only letters for which we have numerical values are the following:

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
A	B	G	D	H	V	Z	P
Y	K	L	N	W
Q	R	S	T

Obviously, a modern numerologist wouldn’t get very far with this table.   In order to compensate for the missing letters in the Hebrew   system, most modern textbooks on numerology  ‘fill in’ the missing   letters by ‘borrowing’ numerical values from the Greek alphabet, thus   mixing cultural symbols in an eclectic approach that is not entirely convincing.

Another problem is the exclusion of the number 9 from the table — which modern textbooks often ‘explain’ by saying that the Hebrews did   not use the number 9, since it was a ‘sacred’ and ‘mystical’ number. The real truth, however, is far less esoteric.   The fact is, the Hebrew alphabet DID have letters with the numerical value of 9 — the   letters Teth and Sade.    But, since Teth and Sade do not have equivalents in our modern English alphabet, the 9 value must be left out.

And finally, it is once again difficult to see any INTRINSIC relationship between a Hebrew letter and the number it represents. Why should one symbol stand for 1, or another for 2, or yet another for 3, and so on?  The whole superstructure seems somewhat shaky.

But let us now turn our attention to a Celtic alphabetic system called the  ‘Ogham’.  This alphabet is written by making a number of short strokes (from 1 to 5) below, above, or through a ‘base line’  (which in practice tended to be the edge of a standing stone).  Thus, A, O, U, E, and I would be written, respectively:

           —/—-//—-///—-////—-/////—

Of course, in this system it is easy to see how a letter becomes associated with a number, since the numerical value of each letter is implicit. Thus, A=1, O=2, U=3, E=4, and I=5.   (It is true there is much disagreement and confusion among modern scholars as to how the   Ogham alphabet should be rendered.   Further, a number of different Oghams seem to have been employed at various times by different Celtic cultures.  But this confusion usually centres on whether the strokes should be above, below, or through the base line — NOT on the number of strokes used.  On that point, there is general agreement. And though orientation to the base line is important, it is not essential to our discussion of numerology, since we need only concern ourselves with the NUMBER of strokes used.)

Thus, based on the work of such scholars as P.C. Power, S.Ferguson, D. Diringer, I. Williams, L. Spence, and D.  Conway, I have synthesized the following table of Celtic numerology:

1	2	3	4	5
A	D	T	C	I
B	G	U	E	N
H	L	V	F	P
M	O	W	J	Q
	W		K	R
			S	Y
				Z

Using this table, the student of Celtic numerology would then proceed to analyse any word in the generally accepted manner.  One should not be concerned that the numbers 6, 7, 8, and 9 do not appear in this system, as the Ogham alphabet had NO letters with these values (as opposed to the Hebrew alphabet which DID have letters with the missing 9 value, as mentioned earlier).   Another consideration is that the Ogham alphabet is just that — an alphabet.  It never represented   any particular language, and historically many different languages have employed it.  Again by contrast, the Hebrew alphabet was structured for a particular language  — Hebrew — and many problems   arise when we attempt to adapt it to a language for which it is not suited.

Although the Ogham alphabet only has letter values from 1 through 5, all of the numbers from 1 through 9 (plus any master numbers of 11, 22, etc.) will be used in the final analysis (just as in the Hebrew system).   To understand how this works, let us try an example.  We will use the name of the Welsh goddess Rhiannon:

             R + H + I + A + N + N + O + N    

             5 + 1 + 5 + 1 + 5 + 5 + 2 + 5 = 29

                                     2 + 9 = 11

Most numerologists will agree that 11 is a ‘master number’ or ‘power number’ and therefore it is not further reduced by adding the two digits (although, if one does this, 1 + 1 = 2, and 2 is considered the first even and feminine number in   the numerical sequence, certainly appropriate for a Welsh Mother   Goddess).  Viewed as an 11, the analysis is usually that of someone who is on a ‘higher plane of existence’ (certainly appropriate for a goddess), someone who brings ‘mystical revelation’.  Often this is someone who feels slightly distant from the people surrounding him or her, and who has trouble feeling any real empathy for them  (which seems to fit a faery queen who has come to live in the land of   mortals).  Also, this is sometimes the number of the martyr, or of someone unjustly accused (which is certainly true of Rhiannon’s story as told in the ‘Mabinogi’, in which she is falsely accused of   destroying her own son).

By way of contrast, the ‘modern’ system would have Rhiannon be a 3, a somewhat inappropriate masculine number (not that all feminine names should always yield a feminine number — but one would at least expect it to do so in the case of an archetypal mother goddess).   The Hebrew system would yield an even more inappropriate 4, that being the number of the material world and all things physical  (and since Rhiannon hails from faery, she is definitely not of this material plane.)

By now, some of my more thoughtful readers may think they see some inconsistency in my approach.  Why have I gone to so much trouble to   point up the flaws in traditional systems of numerology (even going so far as to suggest an entirely new system), only to fall back on   interpretations of the numbers that are strictly traditional?   The reason is this: all of my objections thus far have been limited to METHODOLOGY.    When it comes to interpreting the meaning of the   numbers, I have no quarrel with the traditional approach, since here we enter the field of universal symbolism.  All systems of numerology, be they Hebrew, modern, Oriental, or whatever, tend to attach the same interpretive meaning to the numbers.   When Three Dog Night sings, ‘One is the loneliest number that you’ll ever know…’ it is a statement, which is immediately understood and agreed upon by   people from widely diverse cultures.  And the same holds true for all other numbers, for we are here dealing with archetypal symbols.

It is worth repeating that, although I believe this system to have a firm theoretical basis, it is still in an embryonic state – highly tentative, highly speculative.   To the best of my knowledge, it is also an original contribution to the field of numerology.  While some writers (notably Robert Graves in ‘The White Goddess’) have dealt with the numerical values of Ogham letters, I believe this article is the first instance of employing it specifically as a system of numerology. I have spent many long hours working with Celtic numerology — putting abstract theory to use in practical application  — but much work    remains to be done.  For this reason, I would be happy to hear from readers who are interested in the subject and who would like to share their own experiences and thoughts.

By Mike Nichols

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Originally posted 2011-03-03 08:13:39. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

A convenient and simple means of home consultation through the medium of dominoes. In the way that each value of a playing card is intimately connected with some divinatory significance, so are the numbers on the face of each domino.

The pieces must first of all be shuffled and left face downwards will stop them. One is drawn and the number its blows. Do not draw more than three pieces in a single consultation, or on the same day, otherwise you will find yourself badly misled.

These are the omens indicated by each number –

Double six – great success and important financial gain.
Six – five – you will become a member of some organisation formed for the benefit of others.
Six – four -arguments and lawsuits, which will result in a loss.
Six –three – a short journey for your own good.
Six –two – in a few days, you will receive a useful present.
Six – one – the cause of your trouble will shortly be removed.
Six – blank - someone wishes you a whole; be well off, supposed friendships.
Double five – change of a dwelling place, which will bring much happiness.
Five – four – increase in wealth through a second investment; do not speculate with your profits.
Five – three -an important visit from someone who may help you.
Five – two – birth of a child to a member of your family.
Five – one – a passionate affair, which many be attended with unhappy circumstances.
Five -blank – distance from one of your friends; can be of much comfort.
Double – four – revelry at home of a stranger.
Four – three - fears of disappointment, which are troubling you are quite unfounded.
Four – two - you have made the acquaintance of a swindler and hoaxer; women especially should be on guard.
Four – one – financial worries and a settlement of debts, which will leave you poor for a time.
Four – blank in have wronged a friend; seek reconciliation without delay.
Double – three -rivalry in your love affairs, causes great consternation.
Three – two – for the next few days, you will be unlucky in games of chance; avoid taking risks.
Three – one – a startling revelation, which make be of great help to you.
Three – blank – jealously will be the cause of estrangement from an old friend.
Double – two – a happy marriage in which you play an important part.
Two –one – a loss of personal property in the near future.
Two – blank – great joy through meeting one, who will become very dear to you will stop
Double – one – a bold step taken now, will cause you to bet that your position; do not hesitate.
One – blank - a stranger will be coming from abroad to help you.
Double – blank – an unhappy omen, indicates monetary losses and unforeseen disappointments.

To draw the same domino twice running. Strengthens their prediction, and also denotes an almost immediate fulfilment.

Originally posted 2011-05-17 09:08:23. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

Part I: What Sayeth The Rede?

The “archaically worded” construction “An it harm none, do what ye will,” rendered into modern English is literally, “if it doesn’t harm anyone, do what you want.”

Many modern Wiccans “reverse” the construction, however, taking the first part and putting it after the second to read: “Do what ye will an it harm none,” or in modern English “Do what you want if it doesn’t harm anyone.”

Many people give the word “an” or “if” a value of “so long as” – which is acceptable substitution, because it doesn’t alter the meaning of the Rede itself. However they then proceed to read “so long as” as “only if,” and that is *completely different*, because the Rede has ceased to be a “wise counsel” [anyone checked the meaning of "rede" in the dictionary lately?] and become an injunction: prohibitive commandment, rather than permissive advice.

In other words, the original archaic construction actually says “if it is not going to hurt anyone, it is ok to do” – this is *not* the same as “if it hurts anyone it is *not* ok to do.”

What is the significance of the change? A larger one than you might see, at first glance.

The “actual construction Rede,” or AC Rede, says it is ok to do something that won’t harm anyone, but it *does not say anything* about those things which do cause harm, except to set an ethical standard of harmlessness as the criteria to judge by.

The “modern reconstruction Rede” or MR Rede, explicitly says that any and all actions that cause harm are forbidden.

The two constructions do *not* mean the same thing at all. And it should be obvious that this has implications on our thinking, and discussions of the possibility of “obeying” the Rede.

Most of you will have heard or read, as I have, people saying the Rede is something to strive to live by, even though mundane reality makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to do so to the letter. *This is only true of the MR Rede, not the AC Rede!* As examples, they cite situations such as self-defence; *this violates the MR Rede*. Period. But it does *not* violate the AC Rede. Period.

Earlier, I stated that the AC Rede does not rule on actions that do cause harm – and this is true. It only rules on those actions, which do not, by saying that they are acceptable. This is relevant to “victimless crimes” for example – civil “crimes” may in fact be “ethical,” by the judgment of the AC Rede.

What the AC Rede *does* do, in terms of actions that cause harm, is state an ethical value by which an individual must judge the results of her/his actions before acting. In other words, by stating that a harmless action is ethical, the AC Rede sets harmlessness as the criteria for evaluation. Acting to prevent greater harm – but in the process causing lesser harm – may then be ethical, if there is no harmless, or more harmless, method of preventing that greater harm – because *not* acting to prevent harm is to *cause* it, by an act of *omission* rather than *commission*.

In short the difference between the AC Rede, and the MR Rede, is that the AC Rede is a perfectly-obeyable ethical standard, but the MR Rede is not, as so many people have pointed out. Do we take as our ethical standard a “counsel” which *can* be obeyed, or one which *necessitates rationalizing in some instances*? Which is truer to the Wicca, and to the *real* Rede?

“rede: n. [Middle English rede < Old English raed < base of

raedan, to interpret] [archaic] 1. counsel; advice 2. a plan; scheme

3. a story; tale 4. an interpretation”

(from Webster’s New World Dictionary)

Part II: “Do good, an it be safe…” (from the Ordains)

The MR Rede is the most common interpretation in Wicca today; so much so, that not only do many Wiccans not realize there’s a difference in the two constructions, but they *deny* it when it is pointed out to them, holding firmly to the MR Rede as what the original has always meant.

At first the change of language was only an attempt to bring the language up from archaic, to modern English; but in doing so especially with the public relations campaign, to convince people that Wiccans are “not black magick/not devil worship/not evil nasty curse-casters” the “harmlessness” aspect of the Rede was stressed, over the personal responsibility aspect. And in essence Wiccans became the victims of their own PR campaign.

An additional result is the injunction that one may never work magick for others, even to heal, without their knowledge and consent. Of course, we are allowed by this injunction to ask “Can I pray for you?” as a means of obtaining the consent. From “a love spell aimed at one particular person is unethical because it violates their will only to serve our lust” we’ve moved to an extreme: to the prohibitive injunction against ever doing any magick for another without permission, since it violates their free will. Does anyone *really* believe the Gods will judge them ill, for attempting to heal someone?

What of the case of an unconscious accident victim and family unavailable to ask – are we forbidden to work? No, of course we’re not – but we *do* have to accept the karmic consequences of such acts. Do you really think that a neurotic who uses an illness as a crutch wouldn’t be better healed of that neurosis as well as the illness? Of course that may call up some karma if the person isn’t strong enough to give up that crutch yet. Once again the real criteria is *personal responsibility* and consideration of the consequences of one’s actions *before* one acts rather than the “thou shalt not” prohibitive commandment.

There is however another reason for the “prohibitive form” of these redes – one which has some validity. The teacher bears a karmic responsibility for the student. There was a group whose teaching was, “No magick may be done for another, even to heal, without their consent; any exceptions may be decided only by the High Priestess and the High Priest.” The point of this is that a student is not yet experienced enough, not yet wise enough (since wisdom is the harvest we reap of our experience and knowledge), to have that kind of decision, and the resulting karmic burden, left to rest fully upon her/his shoulders – hence, some teachers and some Trads do not allow neophytes to have responsibility for that kind of decision-making.

 

It is far better, however, to teach a student the essential importance of personal responsibility, the need to look ahead for possible consequences before they act, than to lay “thou shalt not’s” upon them despite Wicca’s insistence that we have none.

I received a comment about the last sentence in part I, paragraph 3, that said “Ack! Welcome to the One Wiccan Commandment! Any ‘thou shalt nots’ lurking around?” Food for thought, my fellow Wiccans! Food for thought!

By: David Piper, Sat 21 May 94 12:16

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Originally posted 2011-07-05 11:34:01. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

There is a major growth in today’s society for older religions, this includes people who want to become a Wicca. First of all, people need to understand that you do not become a Wicca, no more than you become a doctor and an engineer. Sure, there are signs of progress, and as a doctor or an engineer you get a piece of paper, however, that doesn’t make you a doctor or an engineer.

As I said you do not become a Wicca. I am sure this raises some degree of curiosity and confusion. If I don’t become a Wicca, then why do people call themselves such? See, it’s not about becoming as much as it’s about being. You don’t become a Wicca, you are one.

I learned this a long time ago when I was studying the martial art of Ninjutsu, and it carried over as I began practicing witchcraft. As I gained belt after belt, I wondered at what point I would be a ninja. I couldn’t wait to tell people I was a ninja. Once I earned my black belt, I wondered if I was now a ninja. I asked my teacher and his only response was, “you will know.”

Eventually I came to understand that I can’t become a ninja. It is something I am or am not. It wasn’t about becoming, it was about being a ninja. The same is true when talking about how to become a Wicca. I now live, day to day, the way of the ninja. I use the philosophy and strategies I learned as I trained to live my life on a daily basis. The same is true for my spiritual practices.

You see, you didn’t become anything, I either was or wasn’t. I either lived as one, walked as one, talked as one, made decisions as one based on what I had learned, or I didn’t. Learn, study, and apply what you learn as you grow, and you will be a Wicca. Then there will be no need to become a Wicca.

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Author: A. Bachman
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Hybrid and Electric Cars

Originally posted 2011-08-23 23:58:31. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

The wheel as turned to Samhain and the thoughts of lost love one come to mind and we spend our time celebrating death. Not just of mortal death but also of the world the fields are now baron, the ice breath of winter is breathing heaver upon us, the skies are darkening, the sunrises later and we will soon face the on coming winter.

Honouring the dead is common throughout the world and there are many festivals dedicated to our ancestors.

There are as many gods and goddess of the dead here is a small selection

Anubis or Inpu, (variously spelled Anupu, Ienpw etc.). (Egyptian): A head of a jackal headed god who is associated with mummification, funerals and protecting the death in ancient Egypt. Anubis is seen in the sacred scroll the book of the dead weighing the hearts of the dead to see was worthy of entering the under world Anubis had a wife the goddess Anput, his female aspect, and their daughter is the goddess Kebechet.

Demeter (Greek): Know for being a goddess of the harvest, sanctity of marriage, the sacred law, and the cycle of life and death. It is only when Hades abducts her daughter, Persephone, does Demeter’s grow enraged that she vows that nothing should grow upon the earth until her daughter Persephone is returned to her. Since Persephone eat some food while in the underworld she was doomed to remain their a bargain was struck and she was although to return to Demeter but would have to spend sometime in the underworld some say 4 months other 6 it this grief that associates Demeter with the Dark Mother.

Freya or Freya, Freja, Freyia, Frøya, and Freia (Norse): Freya is typically associated with associated with love, beauty, fertility, gold, witchcraft (seiðr), war, and death. In Norse mythology half of the men who died in battle joined Freya in her hall, Folkvangr, and the other half joined Odin in Valhalla.

Hecate or Hekate (Greek): Hecate who was given the highest honour from Zeus She was giving dominion over the heaven earth and seas and the underworld Although Hecate was originally considered a goddess of fertility and childbirth, over time she has come to be associated with the moon, cronehood, and the underworld. Sometimes referred to as the Goddess of the Witches, Hecate is also connected to ghosts and the spirit world. In some traditions of modern Paganism, she is believed to be the gatekeeper between graveyards and the mortal world.

Hel (Norse): Rule her realm which is caused Hel / underworld in Norse mythology. Her hall is called Éljúðnir, and is the place where mortals go who do not die in battle, but of natural causes or sickness.

Kali (Hindu) None as the black one or dark mother kali is an eternal force here home is the crave yard and she is depicted as having 4, 6 or 8 arms one with a severed head one with a sword and the more arms she has the more weapons she carries. She is associated with time and change often violent.

Meng Po (Chinese): Her task is to ensure that souls who are ready to be reincarnated do not remember their previous life or their time in hell.She brews a special herbal tea of forgetfulness, which is given to each soul before they return to the mortal realm.

 Morrígan (“phantom queen”) or Mórrígan (“great queen”) (also known as Morrígu, Morríghan, Mor-Ríoghain, sometimes given in the plural as Morrígna) (Irish) In mythology she is seen as a triple goddess the most common version of her triad Badb, Macha and Nemain, This warrior goddess is associated with death in a way much like the Norse goddess Freya. The Morrighan is known as the washer at the ford, and it is she who determines which warriors walk off the battlefield, and which ones are carried away on their shields. She is represented in many legends by a trio of ravens, often seen as a symbol of death.

Osiris or Usiris (Asar, Asari, Aser, Ausar, Ausir, Wesir, Usir, Usire or Ausare) (Egyptian): In Egyptian mythology, it is his brother Set that murders Osiris before being resurrected by the magic of his lover, Isis on resurrection she is impregnated by him. After Isis is impregnated Osiris dies again so Isis hides his body. One day set was out riding cheap prescription drugs without prescription and he comes across his body in a rage he tears the body into 14 parts and scatters them across the land. Isis collects all the parts less the phallus (which was eaten by a fish) and bandaged them together for a proper burial. The gods on seeing her devotion resurrected Osiris as the god of the underworld the death and dismemberment of Osiris is often associated with the threshing of the grain during the harvest season or the rise and fall of the river Nile.

Whiro (Maori): This underworld god inspires people to do evil things. He typically appears as a lizard, Whiro is the lord of darkness, or the embodiment of all evil. He inhabits the underworld and is responsible for the ills of all persons

Yama (Hindu): In the Hindu Vedic tradition, Yama was the first mortal to die and make his way to the next world, and so he was appointed king of the dead. He is also a lord of justice, and sometimes appears in an incarnation as Dharma.

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Originally posted 2011-02-12 06:38:42. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

The following are all documented incidents in the killings of “witches.” So as part of lesson into the history of witchcraft and our past lets do a role call of our brothers and sisters who died because they where named as WITCH as part of your learning if a name calls you seek out their history and learn!

ONLY incidents relating to witchcraft accusations have been included. Bear in mind that this is assuredly not all of them.

Interestingly, it is possible to document that of all the trials, only one set (in 1390 Milan) involved women tried for practicing rites led by the pagan Goddess Diana. The bulk of the trials between 1400 and 1700 involved diabolism, Luciferianism, and acts relating to the Devil. Before 1400, the majority of trials were focused on the use of magics to harm others, to practice treasonous divination and spells against a monarch.

It is therefore a reasonable assumption to make that the trials and persecutions of the “Burning Times” were not aimed at actual practicing “pagans,” but rather at a whole other class of people.

Some were guilty. Most were probably innocent and Christian. A few were “satanists,” most were not. Some were just senile. Or too ugly. Or too pretty. Or just in the wrong place at the wrong time.

 

A

Abageda, Abametcha: executed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for murder, 1999

`Abd al-Karim Mara`i al-Naqshabandi: age forty, executed in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,13 December, 1996

d’Aubray, Marie-Madeleine (Marquise de Brinvilliers): burned alive Place de Greve, Paris, 1676.

Adams, Thomas: executed in Pittenweem, Scotland in 1704

Adamson, Francis: executed at Durham, England, in 1652

Agato (wife): burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Albano, Peter of: died in prison circa 1310

Alenchena, Shenfo: executed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for murder, 1999

Alderman, Anne: of Chattisham; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Allen, Joan: hanged at the Old Bailey, London, England, in 1650

Allen, Jonet: burned in Scotland in 1661

Altseer, Simon (date unknown): Munich, Germany

Amalaric, Madeline: burned in France in mid-1500′s

Ancker, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Andrius, Barthelemy: burned at Carcassonne, France in 1330

Andrius, Jean: burned at Carcassonne, France in 1330

Andrius, Phillippe: burned at Carcassonne, France in 1330

Arnold, (first name unknown): hanged at Barking, England, in 1574

Ariens, Marrigje: Burned 1591 in Schoonhoven, Holland.

Arista, Josephine: burned at the stake in Ojinaga Mexico, July 3, 1955

Árnason, Sveinn: burned in Arngerðareyri in the Westfjords, Iceland in 1683

Ashby, Anne: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Askew, Anne: burned for witchcraft 1546

Audibert, Etienne: condemned for witchcraft in France, on 20 March 1619

Aupetit, Pierre: burned at Bordeaux, France, in 1598

 

B

 

 

Baarsen, Quiwe: sentenced to be burned at Hasvåg, Norway, on 11 May 1627

Babel, Zuickel: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Babel, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bacon, Mary: of Chattisham; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Bedran, Margareta: burned at Gric, Croatia 1698

Benekovic, Ursa: burned at Gric, Croatia 1698

Baguely, Mary: hung at Chester, England, 1675

Baker, Anne: executed in Leicester, England, in 1619

Balcoin, Marie: burned in the reign of Henry IV of France

Balfour, Alison: burned at Edinburgh, Scotland, on 16 December, 1594

Bannach, (husband) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bannach, (wife) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Barber, Mary: executed in Northhampton, England, on 22 July, 1612

Barclay, Margaret: Scotland, 1684

Barker, Janet: burned in Scotland in 1643

Baroni, Catterina: beheaded and burned at Castelnovo, Italy, on 14 April, 1647

Barthe, Angela de la: burned at Toulouse, France, in 1275

Barton, William: executed in Scotland (year unknown)

Basser, Fredrick: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bateman, Mary: Yorkshire, England, 20 March, 1808

Batsch, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Baunach, (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bauer, Stephan: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1630

Bayerin, Anna: executed at Salzburg, Austria, in 1751

Bean, Margrat: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Beaumont, Sieur de: accused of witchcraft on 21 October, 1596

Bebelin, Gabriel: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Beck, Viertel: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Beck, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Belon, Jean: executed in France, in 1597

Benkovic Brckovic, Magda: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1751

Berger, Christopher: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Berrye, Agnes: hanged at Enfield, England, in 1616

Besenic, Ursa: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1585

Bennet, Elizabeth: executed in St. Osyth, England in 1582

Bentz, (mother) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bentz, (daughter) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Beuchel, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1581

Beutler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bill, Arthur: executed in Northhampton, England, on 22 July, 1612

Billington, Isabella: hanged and burnt at York, England, in 1650

Billington, (husband of Isabella): hanged and burnt at York, England, in 1650

Bilskup, Katarina: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1743

Birenseng, Agata: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 25 June, 1594

Bishop, Briget: hanged at Salem, New England on 10 June, 1692

Biskup, Barbara: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Bjarnason, Egill: burned in Trékyllisvík, Strandir, Iceland in 1654

Bjarnason, Magnús: burned in 1675 in Iceland

Bjarnason, Bjarni: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1677

Blackbourne, Mary: of Great Yarmouth; hanged in England ca 1647

Blasic, Doroteja: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1751

Boanes (or Boones), Joyce: hanged at St Osyth, England ca. 1645

Bodenham, Anne: hanged at Salisbury, England, in 1653

Bogdan Fumic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Boleyn, Anne: beheaded at London, England on 19 May 1536

Bolingbroke, Roger: hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn, England, on 18 November, 1441

Bonnet, Jean: burned alive at Boissy-en-Ferez, France, in 1583

Boram, (mother) (first name unknown): hung at Bury St Edmunds, England, in 1655

Boram, (daughter) (first name unknown): hung at Bury St Edmunds, England, in 1655

Bosse, Marie (and her children – no names given): burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Boulay, Anne: burned at Nancy, France, in 1620

Boulle, Thomas: burned alive at Rouen, France, on 21 August, 1647

Bowman, Janet: burned in Scotland in 1572

Brack, (first name unknown, the wife of Heinrich): executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany.

Bradwell, Elizabeth: of Great Yarmouth; hanged in England ca 1647

Bragadini, Mark Antony: beheaded in Italy in the 1500′s

Bretton, Hellen: hanged at Kirby, England ca 1645

Brickmann, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Brigge, Mabel: executed in York, England,1538

Bright, Sarah: hanged at Manningtree, Essex, England ca 1645

Brigljevic, Katarina: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Brigue, Jehane de: burned alive at the Pig Market in Paris on 19 August, 1391

Brose, Elizabeth: tortured to death in the castle of Gommern, Germany, on 4 November, 1660

Brown, Janet: burned in Scotland in 1643

Browne, Agnes: executed in Northhampton, England, on 22 July, 1612

Browne (Vaughan), Joan: executed in Northhampton, England, on 22 July, 1612

Browne, Mary: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Brooks, Jane: hanged in England on 26 March, 1658

Brugh, John: burned in Scotland in 1643

Brukec, Marijana: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1751

Buckh, Appollonia: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1581

Bucklin, Elisabeth: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Bugler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bulcock, John: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Bulcock, Jane: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Bull, Edmund: hanged at Taunton, England, in 1631

Bulmer, Matthew: hanged at Newcastle, England, in 1649

Buncekovica, Mara: burned at Gric, Croatia 1743

Bunot, Leon: murdered in France by Victor Delorme on 26 Nov., 1948

Bure, Anna Israelsdotter: about 45 years old, wife of Peter Eriksson Snifs, beheaded at Gävle, Sweden 6 March 1675

Burroughs, George: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 August, 1692

Bursten-Binderin, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628 – 1629

 

C

 

 

Cade (Cate) aka Maidenhead, Anne: hanged at Great Holland, Essex, England ca. 1645

Calles, Helen: executed at Braynford, England, on 1 December, 1595

Camelli, Domenica: beheaded and burned at Castelnovo, Italy, on 14 April, 1647

Canon, Brita, wife of Hans Johansson: beheaded and burned Gävle, Sweden 6 March 1675

Canzler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Cardien, Joan: executed at Faversham, Kent, England, on 29 Sept. 1645

Carre, Henry: of Rattlesden; died in jail at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England ca 1645

Carrier, Martha: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 August, 1692

Carrington, John (husband): executed at Wethersfield, Connecticut on 20 February, 1650

Carrington, Joanna (wife): executed at Wethersfield, Connecticut on 20 February, 1650

Caveden, Lucia: beheaded and burned at Castelnovo, Italy, on 14 April, 1647

Cemola, Zinevra: beheaded and burned at Castelnovo, Italy, on 14 April, 1647

Cendrekovic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Cherrie, (first name unknown): of Thrapston, Northamtonshire, England; died in prison on the day he was due to stand trial 1646

Challiot, (first name unknown): murdered at St. Georges, France, in February, 1922

Chalmers, Bessie: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Chambers, (first name unknown): died in prison, in England, in 1693

Chamoulliard, (first name unknown): burned in France, in 1597

de Chantraine, Anne: burned as a witch in Waret-la-Chaussee, France, on October 17, 1622

Chatto, Marioun: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Ciceron, Andre: burned alive at Carcassone, France, in 1335

Cigetic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Cik, Katerina: burned at Varazdin, Croatia 1709

Cincic, Jelena: burned at Kaptol, Croatia 1699

Clarke alias Bedingfield, Elizabeth: hanged at Manningtree, Essex, England 1645

Cleary, Bridget: beaten and burned to death by her husband, relatives, and friends, on the suspicion that the “real Bridget” had been taken away by fairies and replaced by a witch, in Clonmel, Tipperary, Ireland, 1894

Clipwell (Clisswell), Alice: hanged at Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England ca 1645

Cocke, Susan: died in gaol of plague after being pardoned at St. Osyth, Essex, England 1645

Coeuret, Adam (aka Abbot Le Sage): burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Coneman, (widow): executed in Coggeshall, England in 1699

Cooke, Mary: died in jail at Langham, Essex, England 29 May 1645

Cooper, Anne: hanged at Great Clacton, Essex, England 1645

Cooper, Joan: died in jail on 27 May 1645 before coming to trial at Great Clacton, Essex, England

Coppin, Mary: died in jail of plague at Kirby-le-Soken, Essex, England February 1647

Corey, Martha: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Corey, Giles: pressed to death at Salem, New England, on 19 September, 1692

Cornfoot, Janet: killed by a mob at Pittenweem, Scotland in 1704

Corrillaut, Etienne: executed at Machecoul, France in 1440

Corset, Janet: killed by a mob at Pittenweem, Scotland, in 1704

Cos, Ana: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1699

Cothmann, Katharina: executed in Lemgo (near Paderborn) 1654

Cockie, Isabel: burnt as a witch, at a cost of 105 s. 4 p., in England 1596

“Old Widow Coneman” (Coman): executed in Coggeshall, England, 1699

Cornu, Marie: convicted and sentenced to be strangled and burned at Fenain (France), February 14, 1611

Cox, Julian: executed at Taunton, England, in 1663

Couper, Marable: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

Craw, William: burned in Scotland in 1680

Crierson, Robert: executed at North Berwick, England in 1594

Crots, (son) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Cullender, Rose: executed at Bury St Edmunds, England, on 17 March 1662

Cumber Cvetko, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Cumlaquoy, Marian: burned at Orkney, Scotland in 1643

Cunningham, John: burned at Edinburgh, in January, 1591

Cunny, (Coney) Joan: hanged in Chelmsford, England, in 1589

de Cusset, Marie (La Filastre): burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Czuranka, Ana: burned at Samobor, Croatia 1741

 

D

 

 

Dalesu: beaten to death at Ramarayi, India on November 21, 2000

Dedovka, Mara: burned at Gric, Croatia 1743

Deiner, Hans: burned at Waldsee, Germany (year unknown)

Delort, Catherine: burned at Toulouse, France, in 1335

Denham, Alice: of Ipswich; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England ca 1645

Demdike, Elizabeth: convicted, but died in prison, in Lancaster, England, in 1612

DeMolay, Jacques: Grand Master of the Templars, burned in France on 19 March 1314

Denny, Amy: executed at Bury St Edmunds, England, on 17 March, 1662

Desbordes, (first name unknown): burned in France, in 1628

Deshayes-Monvoisin, Catherine (aka La Voisin): burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 22 February, 1682

Device, Elizabeth: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Device, James: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Device, Alizon: (age 11 years) executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Dimmensdr (Verniel), Ninge: burned at Goedereede, Holland, in 1585

Dimmensdr (Verniel), Lene: suicided in prison at Goedereede, Holland, in 1585

Diðriksson, Lassi: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1675

Dixon, Alice: hanged at Wivenhoe, Essex, England ca 1645

Djurancevic, Jana (?): burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Doree, Catherine: executed at Courveres, France, in 1577

Dorlady, Mansfredo: burned at Vesoul, France as being the Devil’s banker, on 18 January, 1610

Dorlady, Fernando: burned at Vesoul, France as being the Devil’s banker, on 18 January, 1610

Dormar, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 October, 1586

Douglas, Janet: burned at Castle, Hill, Scotland, on 17 July, 1557

Duffhuss, Ferdinand: executed in Paderborn, Germany, 1657

Drummond, Alexander: executed in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1670

Drvaric, Ana: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Dudgeon, Elizabeth: of Great Yarmouth; hanged in England ca 1647

Duganka, Bara: burned at Gric, Croatia 1743

Dumbovic, a nun of the “Margaret Order”: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

“Dummy” (name unknown; he was deaf-and-dumb): killed by a mob at Sible Hedingham, England, on 3 August, 1865

Duncan, Gellie: hanged in Scotland in 1591

Dunhome, Margaret: burned in Scotland (year unknown)

Dunlop, Bessie: burned at Castle Hill, Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1576

Dustin, Sarah: died in prison in Massachucetts, N. America

Dyneis, Jonka: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

Dyer, Mary: hung in Massachucetts, N. America, 1 June, 1660

 

E

 

Easty, Mary: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692 Echtinger, Barbara: imprisoned for life at Waldsee, Germany, on 24 August, 1545 Edelfrau, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629 Edwards, Susanna: hanged at Bideford (Heavitree), England, 25 August, 1682 Einseler, Catharina: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 6 July, 1581 Elisabeta (daughter of Margareta): burned at Gric, Croatia 1429 Elling (first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29 Ellroth, ( first name unknown, The wife of Balthasar Ellroth): executed on June 17, l663, Lindheim, Germany Erb, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 March, 1586 Esch, Klaus : executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany Euler, Anna : executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany Everard, Thomas: of Halesworth; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645. Everard, Mary: married woman of Halesworth; (wife of above) hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645. Eyering, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629 Eyjólfsson, Erlendur: burned in Húnavatnssýsla county in north Iceland in 1669

 

F

 

 

Fandey, Mona : executed in Maylasia, 2 November, 2001

Fian, John: hanged at Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1591

Fief, Mary le: of Samur, France, accused of witchcraft, on 13 October 1573

Finnbogason, Halldór: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1685

Flade, Dietrich: executed at Treves, 1589

Fleischbaum, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Flieger, Catharina: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 6 July, 1581

Flower, Joan: died before trial, at Lincoln, England, 1619

Flower, Margaret: executed at Lincoln, England, in March, 1619

Flower, Phillippa: executed at Lincoln, England, in March, 1619

Foster, Anne: hanged at Northhampton, England, in 1674

Frances, Elizabeth: executed in Chelmsford, England, 1579

Francoise (last name unknown): burned in France on 30 July, 1606

Fray, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 12 June, 1587

Fray, Margaret: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 25 June, 1594

Fuller, Mary: of Combs; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27th August 1645.

Fukan, Marija: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1751

Funjak, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Futakovic, Jela: burned at Dolnja Stubica, Croatia 1746

Fynnie, Agnes: burned in Scotland in 1643

 

G

 

 

Gabley, (first name unknown): executed at King’s Lynn, England, in 1582

Galigai, Leonora: beheaded and burned at the Place de Grieve, France, on 8 July, 1617

Garner, Kathryn: ” … Welshwoman, found innocent of Witch Craft in Trial by Water. 2 pounds for burial in Christian ground;” Shropshire, England,1636

Garnier, Gilles: burned as a werewolf in Dole, France 1574

Gaudry, Suzanne: convicted at the Court of Mons (France) for witchcraft and executed July 9, 1652 by strangling and burning

Gaufridi, Louis: burned at Marseilles, France, at 5: 00 pm on 30 April, 1611

Geissler, Clara: strangled at Gelnhausen, Germany circa 1630

Georgel, Anna Marie de: burned at Toulouse, France, in 1335

Geraud, Hughes: burned in France in 1317

Gerard, Katherine: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Gering, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Gibson, Elizabeth: died in jail at Thorpe-le-Soken, Essex, England on June 1st 1645

Gilbert, Lydia: of Windsor, Connecticut, executed in 1654

Gissler (wife, first name unknown): executed in Derneburg, Obergrombach, Germany, 1555

Gissler (husband, first name unknown): executed in Derneburg, Obergrombach, Germany, 1555

Glanicnik (father): burned at Klenovnik, Croatia 1698

Glanicnik (son): burned at Klenovnik, Croatia 1698

Glaser, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Glover, Goody: hanged at Salem, New England, in 1688

Gobel, Barbara: burned at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Gobel’s child, (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Goeldi, Anna: hanged at Glaris, Switzerland, on 17 June, 1782

Goldschmidt, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Golub, Dora: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1585

Good, Sarah: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 July, 1692

Gramiza, Katarina: burned at Samobor, Croatia 1741

Grammer, Anna: executed at Herb (Hohenberg), Germany, June 1613

Grandier, Urbain: burned at Loudon, France, on 18 August, 1634

Grant, Jonet: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Grant, Marion: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Green, Ellen: executed in Leicester, England, in 1619

“Old Wife Green”: burned in Pocklington, East Yorkshire, England in 1630

Greensmith, Nathaniel (husband): hanged in Hartford, New England, on 20 January, 1662

Greensmith, Mary (wife): hanged in Hartford, New England, on 20 January, 1662

Greenleife (or Greencliffe, Mary: died in jail Arlesford, Essex, England ca 1645

Grempell, Paul: executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Grempell (wife, first name unknown): executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Grempell (son, first name unknown): executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Grempell (son, first name unknown): executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Greulich, Noa: executed in Landshut, Obergrombach, Germany 1695

Grewe, Margery: hanged at Walton-le-Soken, Essex, England ca 1645

Grímsson, Stefán: burned in Húnavatnssýsla county, Iceland in 1678

Groebisch (first name unknown): executed in Derneburg, Obergrombach, Germany, 1555

Gooding (or Goodwyn), Elizabeth: hanged at Manningtree, Essex, England 1645

Goodridge, Alse: executed at Darbie, England, in 1597

Gratiadei, Domenica: beheaded and burned at Castelnovo, Italy, on 14 April, 1647

Greland, Jean: burned at Chamonix, France, in 1438, with 10 others

Griart, Henri: executed at Machecoul, France in 1440

Grierson, Isobel: burned in Scotland in March, 1607

Grudicek, Ana: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Abbot Guibourg: burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Guðbrandsson, Þórður: burned in Trékyllisvík, Strandir, Iceland in 1654

Gullsmed, Brita, wife of Lorenz: beheaded and burned Gävle, Sweden 6 March 1675

Gutbrod, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Gwinner, Else: executed in Germany on 21 Dec. 1601

 

H

 

 

Haan, George: burned at Bamberg, Germany, circa 1626

Haan, (wife of George): burned at Bamberg, Germany, circa 1626

Haan, (daughter of George): burned at Bamberg, Germany, circa 1626

Haan, (son of George): burned at Bamberg, Germany, circa 1626

Hack, Hans: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Hacket, Margaret: executed at Tyburn, England, on 19 February, 1585

Hagic, Magdalena: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Halldórsson, Þórarinn: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1667

Hallybread (or Hollybread), Rose: died in jail of plague at St Osyth, Essex, ca 1645

Hamilton, Margaret: burned in Scotland in 1680

Hating (or Hatyn), Sarah: hanged at Ramsey, Essex, England ca 1645

Hafner, (son) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hammellmann, Melchoir: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hamyltoun, Christiane: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Hans, David: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hans, Kilian: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Harfner, (first name unknown): hanged herself in the prison of Bamberg, 1628-1629

Harlow, Bessie: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Harrisson, Joanna: executed in Hertford, England, in 1606

Harrisson, (daughter of Joanna): executed in Hertford, England, in 1606

Harvey, Elizabeth: died in jail of plague at Ramsey, Essex, England ca 1645

Harvilliers, Jeanne: executed in France, in 1578

Haus, (wife) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hausen (first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Hausmannin, Walpurga: burned at the stake September 20, 1587, in Dillengen, Germany

Heare (or Hare), Elizabeth: hanged at Great Clacton, Essex, England ca 1645

Helgason, Jón: burned in Barðastrandarsýsla county in the Westfjords, Iceland in 1678

Henot, Katharina: burned alive in Cologne, Germany, 1627

Henry III, King of France: assassinated on 1 August, 1589

Hempstead, Nicholas: of Creeting; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England ca 1645

Hewitt, Katherine: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Hezensohn, Joachim: beheaded at Waldsee, Germany, in 1557

Hibbins, Anne: hanged in Boston, Massachusetts on 19 June, 1656

Hirsch, Nicodemus: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hocket, Marian: hanged at Ramsey, England ca 1645

Hoecker, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hofmann, Lorenz: executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Hoffmann, Rochus: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Hoffmann, (daughter, first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Hoffmann, (daughter, first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Hofschmidt, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Holt, Jane: executed at Faversham, Kent, England, on 29 Sept. 1645

Holtzmann, Stoffel: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hofseiler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hoppo, (first name unknown): executed in Germany in 1599

Dr. Horn (first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1630

Horn (wife, first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1630

Horn (daughter, first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1630

Horne, Janet of Dornoch: burned as a witch in Ross-shire (Scotland), June 1722

Horvat Pozirak, Barbara: died in prison at Varazdin, Croatia 1717

How, Elizabeth: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 July, 1692

Howard, Bridget: of Great Yarmouth; hanged in England ca 1647

Hoyd, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 24 November, 1586

Huebmeyer, Barbara: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 11 September, 1589

Huebmeyer, Appela: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 11 September, 1589

Hunt, Joan: hanged in Middlesex, England in 1615

Hunter, Alexander: burned at Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1629

Hussin, Juraimi : executed in Maylasia, 2 November, 2001

Huter (first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Huxley, Catherine: hanged at Worcester, England in the summer of 1652

 

I

 

 

Isel, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 7 November, 1586

Isolin, Madlen: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 6 July, 1581

 

J

 

 

Jacobs, George: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 August, 1692

Jongolo, Sola: beaten to death at Maili Tano village, Mbeya region of southern Tanzania, 9 April, 2001

Jelena (wife of Petor): burned at Gric, Croatia 1486

Jenkenson, Helen: executed in Northhampton, England, on 22 July, 1612

Jennin, (first name unknown): burned at Cambrai, France, in 1460

Jeretska, Neska: burned near Uskocke Gore, Croatia 1696

Johnson, Mary : executed at Hartford, Connecticut on 6 June, 1650

Jollie, Alison: executed in Scotland, in October, 1596

Jones, Katherine: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

Jones, Margaret: executed in Charlestown, North America, on 15 June, 1648

Jónsson, Grímur: burned in Trékyllisvík, Strandir, Iceland in 1654

Jónsson sr., Jón: burned in Ísafjörður, Iceland in 1656

Jónsson jr., Jón: burned in Ísafjörður, Iceland in 1656

Jónsson, Sigurður: burned in Þingvellir, Iceland in 1671

Jordemaine, Margery: burned at Smithfield, England, on 27 October, 1441

Jost, Vitus: executed in Paderborn, Germany, 1658

Jugovec, Ana: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Jugovic, Ursula, of Kranj: burned, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

Junius, Johannes: of Bamberg, executed as a witch, on 6 August, 1628

Jung, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Jurinic, Jelena: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

 

K

 

 

Kalopanjka, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Kanzler (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Karlovcic, Marica: burned at Kaptol, Croatia 1743

Kasic (mother): burned at Zagreb, Croatia 1660

Kasic (older daughter): burned at Zagreb, Croatia 1660

Kavnicijan, Kata: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1585

Kempe, Ursula: executed in St. Osyth, England in 1582

Kent, Margaret: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Kerke, Anne: executed at Tyburn, England, in 1599

Kerznar, Mara: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Khawuta, Zamabhengu : burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Kirstin, 78 years, mother-in-law of Håkan Vacktknekt: beheaded and burned Gävle, Sweden 6 March 1675

Kleiss, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 30 October, 1586

Klenovac, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Kless, Catharina: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 12 June, 1587

Klostermueller, Agnes: executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Knertz, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Knobelbart, Hans: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Knor, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Knott, Elizabeth: hanged at St. Albans, England, in 1649

Kolar, Katarina: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Kolarek, Ana: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Korenika, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Kos, Jelena: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Kos Celica, Kata: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Koskovic, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Kramaric, Bara: burned at Kaptol, Croatia 1699

Kramer, Philipp: executed in Mainz, Germany, 1627

Kramerin, Schelmerey: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Kruzic Zupanic, Barbara: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Krznar, Margareta: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Kuetsch, Lorenz: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Kuetsch, Elisabeth (mother): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Kuhn (Bäcker-Margreth), Margarethe : executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Kuhnlin, Elsa: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1518

Kuler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Kuljanka, Margareta: burned at Gric, Croatia 1733

Kurzhals, Barbara: executed in Reichertshofen, Germany, 1626

Kusenka, Jelica: burned at Gric, Croatia 1715

 

L

 

 

Lachenmeyer, Waldburg: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 5 July, 1585

Lagenka, Dora: burned at Ozalj, Croatia 1694

deLarue, (first name unknown): burned at Rouen, in 1540

Landish, Margaret: hanged at St. Osyth, Essex, England ca 1645

Laubbach (wife): executed at Eichstatt, Germany, in 1597

Lauder, Margaret: burned in Scotland in 1643

Lake, Alice: executed at Boston, MA (?) ca. 1651

Lakeland, Joan: of St. Stephens, Ipswich; burned at Ipswich, Suffolk, England on 9 September 1645.

Lamb, Dr.: stoned to death by a mob at St. Paul’s Cross, London, England, in 1640

Lambrecht, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Lang, Beatrix: died in Pittenweem, Scotland in 1704

Leach (or Leech), Anne: hanged together with 17 Suffolk witches on 27 August 1645

Leclerc, (no first name given): condemned for witchcraft, in France 1615

Lee, Dorothey: of Kings Lynn; hanged in England ca 1647

Leger, (no first name given): condemmned for witchcraft in France, on 6 May, 1616

Legin, Margarethe: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Lemp, Rebecca: executed in Nordlingen, Germany, on 9 Sept. 1590

Leschier, Heinrich and Maria: executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Leyis, Thomas: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Liebler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Liebler, (daughter, first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Leifsson, Jón: burned in Barðastrandarsýsla in the Westfjords, Iceland in 1669

Linstead, Jane: of Halesworth; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Lloyd, Temperance: hanged at Bideford (Heavitree), England, 25 August, 1682

Loncaric, Matja (male): burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Longin, Magdalena: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1699

Lopez, Diego Hernandez: and three others, shot at San Cristobal de Las Casas, Mexico, on 15 September, 2002

Lopez, Kathleen: stabbed 60 times and beheaded, at Santa Fe, N. Mex, USA, Oct. 2000

Louis, (first name unknown): executed at Suffolk, England, in 1646

Lowes, John: Vicar of Brandeston; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Lutz, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

 

M

 

 

Macalzean, Euphemia: strangled and burned in Scotland for witchcraft, on 25 June, 1591

MacEwen, Elspeth: Kirkcudbright Prison in Scotland, 1698

Mader, Elisabeth: executed in Coburg, Germany, 1629

Majhanovic, Doroteja: burned at Gric, Croatia 1651

Mamabolo, Madeleine: Segopye Village near Pietersburg in Northern Province, South Africa, murdered in June, 1999

Man, Andro: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Manseneé, Desle la: executed at Anjux, France on 18 Dec. 1529

Manzayiwa, Tomi: murdered in Umtata, South Africa, 19 December, 1998

Margareta (mother): burned at Gric, Croatia 1429

Marica of Zagreb: burned at Gric, Croatia 1444

Marigny, Enguerrand de: hanged in France in 1315

Marguerite, (last name unknown): burned at Paris, France, in 1586

Mark, Bernhard: burned alive at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Martin, Marie: executed in France, in 1586

Martin, Susannah: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 July, 1692

Martyn, Anne: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Matkovic, Magda: burned, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

Maquixtle, Eduardo Quiahua: murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Maquixtle, Andrea, (wife) : murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Maquixtle, (child 1): murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Maquixtle, (child 2): murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Maquixtle, (child 3): murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Maquixtle, (child 4): murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Mauter, Margarethe: executed in Nürnberg, Germany, 1659

Mayer, Christina: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 October, 1586

Mayers, Bridget: died in jail Holland, Essex, England ca 1648

Mazelier, Hanchemand de: arrested at Neuchatel, Germany 1439

Meath, Petronilla de: burned as a witch, the first such burning in Ireland, on 3 November, 1324

Medovic, Helena: burned at Gric, Croatia 1698

(last name unknown), Meggs: a baker of Norwich, England (year unknown, but in 1640s)

Mehanovic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Metzler, Elisabeth : executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Meurer, Katharina : executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Meyer, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Mikinka, Jelena: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Milos Kiseljak, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Minheric, Ana: burned at Gric, Croatia 1743

Minota, Mitiku: executed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for murder, 1999

Mirot, Dominic: burned at Paris, France, in 1586

Mkambano, Joseph: stoned to death on Montina farm, in Duiwelskloof, Northern Province, South Africa, 8 August, 1999

Molland, Alice: executed at Exeter, England, 1684

Moone, Margaret: died on the way to execution at Thorpe-le-Soken, Essex, England ca 1645

Moore (First Name Unknown): of Sutton; hanged in Cambridgeshire, England 1647

Morin (first name unknown): burned at Rouen, in 1540

Morris, Rebecca: married woman of Chattisham; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August, 1645.

Mossau, Renata von: beheaded and burned in Bavaria, Germany, on 21 June, 1749

Mraz, Magdalena: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Mudic Trumbetas, Dora: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Mueller, Anna Maria: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1627

Mullerin, Elsbet: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1531

Munda, Sohraj (husband, 60): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda, Jaitadi (wife, 55): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (son): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (son): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (son): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (son): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (daughter): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (daughter): killed in India ca. 1995

Mundie, Beatrice: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Muzek Krapac, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

 

N

 

 

Narcic, Dora: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Nathan, Abraham: executed at Haeck, Germany, on 24 September, 1772

Neidecker (first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1630

Neepudi: axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997

Agaramanao Devi (daughter, 10): axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997)

Malati (daughter, 8): axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997

Lalita (daughter, 6): axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997

Kuldip (son, 4): axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997

Dilip (son, 2): axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997

Negovec, Helena: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Newell, John: executed at Barnett, England, on 1 December, 1595

Newell, Joane: executed at Barnett, England, on 1 December, 1595

Newman, Elizabeth: executed at Whitechapel, England in 1653

Nilsson, Lars: burned alive at Norrvasterbyn, Arjeplog, Sweden in the spring of 1693

Noeth, Lorenz: executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Norsic, Marija: burned at Samobor, Croatia 1741

Nottingham, John of: died in custody, Coventry, England, 1324

Novak, Ana: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Ntele, Anna: beaten to death, South Africa, February 1998

Ntleki, Aphiwe (child): burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Ntleki, Lihle (child): burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Ntleki, Madinda : burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Ntleki, Zamabhala (child): burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Ntleki, Zisanda (child): burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Nurse, Rebecca: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 July, 1692

Nutter, Alice: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

 

O

 

 

Oddsson, Páll: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1674

Ólafsdóttir, Þuríður: burned in Barðastrandarsýsla county in the Westfjords, Iceland in 1678

Og, Margrat: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Oige, Issobell: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Oliver, Mary: burned at Norwich, England, in 1658

Orchard, (first name unknown): executed at Salisbury, England, in 1658

Osborne, (wife) Ruth: killed by a mob at Tring, Herefordshire, England, on 22 April, 1750

Osburne, Sarah: died in prison at Boston, Massachusetts, 10 May, 1692

Osefic, Doroteja: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1699

Oswald, Catherine: burned in Scotland in 1670

 

P

 

 

Paeffin, Elsa: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1518

Pajot, Marguerite: executed at Tonnerre, France, in 1576

Pálsson, Ari: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1681

Pappenheimer, Anna (mother ): executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Pappenheimer, Gumprecht: executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Pappenheimer, Paulus: executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Paris, (first name unknown): hanged at St. Andrews, Scotland, in 1569

Parker, Alice: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Parker, Mary: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Palmer, John: hanged at St. Albans, England, in 1649

Pannel, Mary: executed in Yorkshire, England, in 1603

Paukovic, Anica: burned at Cepin, Croatia 1748

Pearson, Alison: burned in Scotland on 28 May, 1588

Peebles, Marion: burned in Scotland in 1643

Perusic, Barbara: died in prison, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

Peterson, Joan: hanged at Tyburn, England, on 12 April, 1652

Petersson, Elisabeth: wife of Erik, beheaded and burned Gävle, Sweden 6 March 1675

Petrusevka, Bara: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1749

Pavlekovic Piticek, Kata: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Philipps, Mary: Northamtonshire, England, executed on 17 March 1705

Pichler, Emerenziana: burned at Defereggen, Germany, on 25 September, 1680

Pichler, (name unknown, son of Emerenziana, aged 12): burned at Defereggen, Germany, on 27 September, 1680

Pichler, (name unknown, son of Emerenziana, aged 14): burned at Defereggen, Germany, on 27 September, 1680

de la Plaine, Sylvanie: burned at Pays de Labourde, France, 1616

Uppala Pochaiah, (70 years old): beaten to death at Kothapalli village, India on November 8, 2000.

Pogledic, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Poiret, (first name unknown): burned at Nancy, France, in 1620

Pomp, Anna: executed at Lindheim, Germany, in 1633

Pöppel, Hans : executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany.

Porte, Vidal de la: condemned at Riom, France, in 1597

Powle, (first name unknown): executed at Durham, England, in 1652

Pradhan: beaten unconscious and then thrown on a burning funeral pyre, Phulbani, Orissa, India, November 1998

Prentice, Joan: hanged in Chelmsford, England, in 1589

Preston, Jennet: executed in York, England, in 1612

Pringle, Margaret: burned in Scotland in 1680

Procter, John: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 August, 1692

Prpric, Katarina: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1699

Pszk Mihanovic, Barbara: burned at Kaptol, Croatia 1743

Ptickovica, Jelica: burned at Gric, Croatia 1743

Pucko, Agata: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Pudeator, Anne: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

 

Q

 

 

Qamza, Hlanjiwe: burned to death at Ludeke near Bizana, S.A. in January 1999

Quattrino, Dominic: burned at Mesolcina, Italy, in 1583

 

R

 

 

Raab (first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Rais, Gilles de: on charges of witchcraft, executed 26 October, 1440

Rahman, Mohamed Affandi Abdul : executed in Maylasia, 2 November, 2001

Ratkaj, Katarina: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Rattray, George: executed in Spott, Scotland, in 1705

Rattray, Lachlan: executed in Spott, Scotland, in 1705

Rauffains, Catharina: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 7 November, 1586

Reade, Mary: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Redfearne, Anne: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Reed, Wilmot: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Reid, Christen: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Reich, Maria: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 5 July, 1585

Reichard, Johann: executed in Eichstaett, Germany, 1626

Reid, John: hanged himself in prison, in Scotland, in 1697

Reoch, Elspeth: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

Reuneg, Anna : executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Reuneg, Else : executed in the summer of l663, Lindheim, Germany

Reuneg, Johann: executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Reuneg, Katharina : executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Reuneg, Philipp: executed on March 1, l664, Lindheim, Germany

Richel (first name and date unknown): Eichstaett, Germany

Richie, Issobell: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Rinder, Anna: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Rivet, Janet: of Copdock; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1647.

Robey, Isobel: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Robson, Donald: executed at North Berwick, England in 1590

Rodier, Catala: burned alive at Carcassone, France, in 1335

Rodier, Paul: burned alive at Carcassone, France, in 1335

Rogie, Helen: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Rögnvaldsson, Jón: burned in Eyjafjörður, north Iceland, 1625

Rohrfelder, Margaret: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 24 August, 1585

Rosch, Maria: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 6 July, 1581

Rosseau, (father, no first name given): of France, accused of witchcraft on 2 October 1593

Rosseau, (daughter, no name given): of France, accused of witchcraft on 2 October 1593

Rosslein, Martine: executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Roulet, Jacques: burned alive for being a were-wolf, at Angiers, France, in 1597

Rudinovic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Rue, Abel de la: of Coulommiers, France, accused of witchcraft on 20 July, 1592

Rueger, Christophorus: executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Ruethsin, Anna: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

de Ruilly, Macette: burned alive at the Pig Market in Paris on 19 August, 1391

Rullmann, ( first name unknown, the wife of Friedrich): executed on March 1, l664, Lindheim, Germany

Rum, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Russel, Alice: killed by a mob at Great Paxton, England, 20 May, 1808

Rutchser, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Rutter, Elizabeth: hanged in Middlesex, England in 1616

 

S

 

 

Sabina, Benita: killed as a witch in Alfajayucan, Mexico, September 8, 1956.

Sailler, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 24 August, 1585

Sampsoune, Agnes: tried, strangled, and burnt for a witch in Scotland 1591

Samuels, (family: 1 of 3): condemned for witchcraft in Warboys, England, on 4 April, 1593

Samuels, (family: 2 of 3): condemned for witchcraft in Warboys, England, on 4 April, 1593

Samuels, (family: 3 of 3): condemned for witchcraft in Warboys, England, on 4 April, 1593

Sawyer, Elizabeth: hanged at Tyburn, England, on 19 April, 1621

Scharber, Elsbeth: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1581

Schneider, Felicitas: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 March, 1586

Schnelling, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 11 September, 1589

Schröck, Anna: executed at Herb (Hohenberg), Germany in 1581

Schüler, Martha: burned at Lindheim, Germany, 23 February, 1664

Schutz, Babel: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schwaegel, Anna Maria: beheaded at Kempten, Germany, on 11 April, 1775

Schwartz, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schenck, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schellhar, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schickelte, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schneider, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schneider, Margarethe (wife of Andreas): executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Schneider, Margarethe (wife of Hans): executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Schleipner, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schuler, (first name not known): burned at Lindheim, Germany on 23 February, 1663

Schultheiss, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 March, 1586

Schwaegel, Anna Maria: beheaded in Germany on 11 April, 1775

Schwarz, Eva: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1581

Schwarz, (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Dr. Schweygel: executed in Cologne, Germany, 1637

Schwerdt, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Scott, Margaret: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Scottie, Agnes: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

Sechelle, (first name unknown): burned at Paris, France, in 1586

Seiler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Serck (first name unknown): executed in Derneburg, Obergrombach, Germany, 1555

Tikambai Sahu: Killed by a mob, Nagpur, India, 27 June, 2000

Shaw, Elinor: Northamtonshire, England, executed on 17 March 1705

Shultz (infant), (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Silberhans, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Sinecka, Helena: burned at Samobor, Croatia 1741

Sipusic Ledar, Dora: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Sirkovic, Ana: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Skipper, Mary: of Copdock; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Skovranka, Dora: burned, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

Smith, Mary: of Glemham; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Smith, Mary: hanged at King’s Lynn, England, in 1616

Smith, Tempest: 12 years old, suicided at Lincoln Park, Michigan, USA on 20 February 2001

Sørensdatter, Kirsti: condemned to the stake at Vardøhus Fortress, Denmark, April 1621

Sparham, Margery: of Mendham; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Spaldarg, Jonet: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Spindler, Sarah: of Halesworth; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Stadlin, (first name unknown): executed in Germany in 1599

Steffen: (town and last name unknown) Westphalia, Germany 1617

Steicher, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Steinacher, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stepper, (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Steward, William: hanged at St. Andrews, Scotland, in 1569

Stewart, Christian: strangled and burned in Scotland, in November, 1596

Stolzberger, (son) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stolzberger, (wife) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stolzberger, (granddaughter) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Strigaric, Barbara: burned at Varazdin, Croatia 1718

Stubb, Peter: executed as a werewolf near Cologne, Germany, in 1589

Stuber, Laurence: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stuell(?), Gertrud (of Klaferd in the Oberholzklau Parish): burned at the stake in Alchen, Gemany,1590

Sturmer, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Style, Elizabeth: died in prison, at Taunton, England, in 1664

Steinbach, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stier, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stadelmann, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 7 November, 1586

Sutton (mother) (first name unknown): executed in Bedford, England in 1613

Sutton, Mary: executed in Bedford, England in 1613

Sveinsson, Þorbjörn: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1677

 

T

 

 

Thausser, Simon: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1518

Thausser (wife of Simon, no name given): burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1518

Þorsteinsson, Böðvar: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1674

Thompson, Annaple: burned in Scotland in 1680

Tod, Christian: executed at North Berwick, England in 1590

Tod, Beigis: burned at Lang Nydrie, Scotland, on 27 May, 1608

Tooly, Katherine: of Westleton; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27th August 1645

Topolca, Dora: burned at Varazdin, Croatia 1718

Townsend, Amey : mob violence, St. Albans, England, 08 January, 1700

Trajo, Christina: killed as a witch in Alfajayucan, Mexico, September 8, 1956.

Treher, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 5 July, 1585

Trembles, Mary: hanged at Bideford (Heavitree), England, 25 August, 1682

Trois-Echelles (pseud.): executed at Paris, France, in 1571 (or 1574)

Tucman, Helena: burned, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

Tungerslieber, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Turner, Ann: murdered in England, in 1875

 

U

 

 

Uhlmer, Barbara: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 24 August, 1585

Upney, Joan: hanged in Chelsford, England, in 1589

Uppala Pochaiah, (70 years old): beaten to death at Kothapalli village, India on November 8, 2000

Ursula, the shoemaker’s daughter: burned at Gric, Croatia 1496

Utley, (first name unknown): hanged at Lancaster, England, in 1630

Uvasic Drapuska, Marija: burned, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

 

V

 

 

Valee, Melchoir de la: burned at Nancy, France, in 1631

Vallin, Pierre: executed in France, in 1438

Valkenburger, (daughter) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Vaecker, Paul: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

la Valle, Gracia: burned in Saragossa. First execution of a witch in Spain, in 1498.

de Varens, Louis: burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Velek, Elizabeta: burned at Varazdin, Croatia 1712

Vidmar, Margareta: burned at Varazdin, Croatia 1709

Vickar, Bessie: burned in Scotland in 1680

Dame Vigoureux: burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Visirer (first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Vlahovic, Marareta: died under torture at Stubica, Croatia 1746

Vogicek, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Vucic, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Vukovic, Ladesic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Vugrinec, Marijana: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1751

Vuil, Daniel: executed in Beaufort, Canada, in 1662

 

W

 

 

Wachin, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1528

Wagner, Michael: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Wagner, (first name unknown): burnt alive at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Wallace, Margaret: executed in Glascow, Scotland, in 1622

Wardwell, Samuel: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Wasser, Friedrich: executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Waterhouse, Agnes: executed in Chelmsford, England, 29 July, 1566

Waterhouse, (first name unknown): hanged in Dorset, England in 1565 (may be Agnes Waterhouse)

Waters, Dorothy: died in jail of plague at Clacton, Essex, England February 1647

Wanderson, (wife 1) (first name unknown): executed in England, in January, 1644.

Wanderson, (wife 2) (first name unknown): executed in England, in January, 1644.

Weber, Katharina: executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Weir, Thomas: burned between Edinburgh and Leith, Scotland, on 11 April, 1670

Weiss, Agatha: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 October, 1586

Went(e), Susanna: died in jail of plague at Langham, Essex, England April 1646

West, Anne: of Lawford, Essex – hanged (probably at Manningtree, England) ca 1645

Weydenbusch, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Whittle, Anne: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Wildes, Sarah: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 July, 1692

Willard, John: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 August, 1692

Williford, Joan: executed at Faversham, Kent, England, on 29 Sept. 1645

Willimot, Joan: executed in Leicester, England, in 1619

Wilson, Anne: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Wirth, Klingen: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Wirth, Trauben: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 5 July, 1585

Wisherr, Jonet: (Janet Wishart) executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Wright, Grace: of Kings Lynn; hanged in England ca 1647

Wright, Mildred: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Wuncil, Brigida: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 6 July, 1581

Wunth, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Wyles (or Wiles), Mary: hanged at Great Clacton, Essex, England ca 1647

 

X

 

Y

 

 

Younge, Alse : (Alice Young) hanged in Connecticut, North America, on 26 May, 1647

Yullock, Agnes: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

 

Z

 

 

Zeritsch, Veronika: age 13, executed in Landshut, Germany, 1756

Ziegler, Barbara: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Ziegler, Endres: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Zobay, Margareta: burned at Gric, Croatia 1486

 

This document is © copyright

 

Originally posted 2011-06-07 19:58:20. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

Candle craft, whether Wicca or witch, is an extremely powerful form of spell casting. It is accessible, flexible and easy to fit into most people’s lifestyles. It uses the force of the universal element of fire and brings all of fire’s potent qualities with it – its strength, it’s power to destroy (good for banishing spells) and its ability to shed light into the dark. Here are some tips on how to use candle craft for Wicca, witch spells or even if you are a beginner.

How to Work With Spell Candles

Prepare a quiet space to work in and make sure that you remain undisturbed if possible. Place your candle in its holder and then focus on getting yourself into the right frame of mind for casting. I use meditation for this purpose but a long soak in a scented bath can also work wonders! When you feel relaxed and totally open you are ready to begin.

Concentrate on the flame and watch the way the way it flickers. Become absorbed in every part of it. You will then be ready to read out your prepared spell if you have one. If not, you can simply repeat what you wish to occur over in your mind or out loud and visualise it really happening. This will build energies and start to give you a feel for what is possible for you to achieve.

How to Prepare a Spell Candle

Spell candles can be anointed in a special oil that will add to the potency of your spell. These are available to buy and all you need do is dress the candle with the oil before you start your work. You can also roll your candle in some herbs after anointing so seek out which herbs are relevant to the affect you wish to achieve.

Candle craft for Wicca or witch casters can also include inscribing your candle with symbols or words that strengthen the message. If it is a love spell for example, you may wish to draw a love heart.

Banishing Spells with Candles

The destructive power of fire can be harnessed for good use and used to perform banishing spells. If you need to target negativity in your life then this is just what you need. It can be aimed at feelings, a place or even a particular person if you feel they are sending you bad energies but do not attempt to send the energy back to them. It should not be about revenge but about making room in your life for the positive again.

Prepare some personal words to read as you sit in front of the candle, if you wish. Then blow the candle out and watch as the smoke carries the negative energies up and away from you and your life.

A Candle Spell Ritual

If you do not have the time to experience the whole candle in one go this does not prevent you from getting all of the power from your spell candle. In fact it can be very beneficial to make a ritual out of it and perform your spell over a week. Choose the same time every evening if you can and this will help to really build the atmosphere. Your energies will be fresh as you are doing this in short bursts and you will also be building extra energy as you will be thinking about your spell all week.

I hope you can see that there is something for everyone in the candle spell. It is the perfect way to get started in some simple spells and a lot of fun too. The candle craft of Wicca and witch casters of course can be a lot more complex but I doubt many resist the temptation to return occasionally to enjoy such perfect simplicity!

If you would like to know more about Wicca and witchcraft, get free spells and useful tips, please visit my blog http://frans-free-spells.blogspot.com/

Blessings,

Francesca
xx

Author: Francesca Ashcroft
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Alternative energy

Originally posted 2011-07-15 12:00:02. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

No-one knows exactly how old the runes are. Rune-like symbols appear as cave markings as early as the late Bronze Age (circa 1300 BC), and they are mentioned in the Bible, but their use in ritual and as an oracle for consultation must certainly pre-date their use as a written language.

Eminent scientific runologist Dr R. I. Page of Cambridge University (Reading the Past – runes 1987) notes that the runic forms were well established and gave the appearance of having been in use for some centuries before the time of the earliest written language inscriptions.

The fact that the runes were each given meaningful names confirms that they had some magical or religious significance to their users long before they emerged as an alphabet for records and messages. The word Rune itself comes from the old Norse Runa meaning a secret or mystery, and it seems likely that the early Runemasters and Runemistresses were considered to have some magic or mystic power in their understanding of the runes.

The runes represent objects, gods, people, animals, concepts and occurrences. They were known by names from which their alphabetic values were taken, but it must be remembered that the early Germanic and Norse tribes who developed them did so long before they had any need for written language.

It was not until about AD200, when the Runemal (i.e. the art of runic interpretation) was wide-spread in Northern Europe that the runic alphabet emerged. This alphabet became known as the Futhark or Futhork, after the names of the first 6 Runes (Fehu, Uruz, Thurisaz, Ansuz, Raido, Kauno) and it is these 24 symbols that now comprise the Rune set. The “blank rune” that you might see included in some rune sets to represent Odin, Fate or Destiny is a fairly modern idea not adopted by serious rune users.

There are very few surviving runic inscriptions and most of them are on stone or metal – the most durable of materials. Only a handful of inscriptions carved on wood have been found, and none of these is from Britain.

There is sufficient evidence to show that the Ancient Pagan or Anglo-Saxon Runes (known to runologists as the Anglo-Friesian runes from their geographical occurrence) are the same 24 basic runes with variations in their form due to usage over the centuries.

For example, the Hagalaz of the Norse resembled an angled H but the Anglo-Saxons added a second cross-bar.

Variations in pronunciation also occur. For instance, the Norsemen pronounced W as a V, but Anglo-Saxons had adapted this to the modern W sound by 600AD. A guide to the probable Anglo-Saxon pronunciations can be found in my book “Discovering Runes” and also on my website at http://www.runemaker.com. You can even download a sound version of the Futhark spoken in Old English by clicking here.

There are those who suggest that many of the rune forms are copied from Roman script – the system of letters on which modern Western writing is based. Such examples as Mannaz (M), Fehu (F), Berkanan (B), Raido (R) are obviously very similar, but it is also possible that the rune symbols (although not then used as letters) are earlier in development.

Consider the technology and equipment that was necessary to undertake Roman writing. Parchment or paper with all the processing that requires – such as blanching chemicals and drying processes; the formulation of durable ink and its mass production; and not forgetting the development of a complex writing implement such as the quill pen.

A civilisation is hardly likely to undertake all these developments unless a suitable written language were in existence. Look now at the needs of the Runemaster or Runemistress, what did they require? Nothing more than a stick of wood and a sharp knife to incise the runes.

Both of these requisites have been available to Man from the very earliest times. That runes were initially cut in wood there is no doubt. The very shape of the runes confirm this by the avoidance of the horizontal or curved line.

If you experiment with a flat wood surface you will find that it is very easy to cut straight lines across the grain. It is much more difficult to cut a curve with a straight knife blade. And it is almost impossible to cut a line horizontally along the grain – the cut closes up as the wood dries, and the line thus disappears.

The early Runemasters and Runemistresses therefore developed a system of writing from their existing fund of mystic or religious symbols which would endure on wood. The symbols were composed of vertical and angled straight lines that could easily be cut or burned in wood.

Recorded history abounds with examples of the runes endowed with secret or mystical power. The Greek historian Herodotus (484-424BC) records a form of Runecasting with sticks by Scythian tribesmen (a nomadic people of upper Asian origin who settled around the Black Sea about 700 BC) in the Caucasus region about 470BC. The ceremony was accompanied by much ritual and the use of soporific smoke.

The Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus (58-120AD) records a Germanic tribal Runemal in some detail in Chapter 10 of his ethnographical work Germania from about 97AD when he was Consul to the region:

To divination they pay much attention. Their method is a simple one: they cut a branch from a fruit-bearing tree and divide it into small pieces which they mark with certain distinctive signs and scatter at random onto a white cloth. Then the priest of the community (if it is done publicly) or the father of the family (if it is done privately) after invoking the gods and with eyes raised to heaven, picks up three pieces one at a time and interprets them in accordance with the signs previously marked on them.

When the high chieftains and lawgivers of Anglo-Saxon England met in secret, their assemblies were known as The Runes: and a 4th Century translation of the Bible uses the word Runa for “mystery” or “secret proceedings”.

The ancient Norse prose tales of the Edda have Odin hung on the World Tree when he spies the runes and seizes them up to gain wisdom and well-being. The Edda also mentions Bragi, master of the skalds (minstrels) and a great storyteller who reputedly had runes tattooed on his tongue – a reference to his magical gift as a raconteur.

The slightly later poem Erik the Red describes a Runemistress in full regalia. The traditional lore of Finland, as recorded in the Kalevala by Lönnrot in 1835, describes a confrontation of wizards where runic songs were used to cause fire and devastation.

Some modern experts allege that stones were commonly used for the Runemal, but I have found no evidence of this despite extensive research. The indications, whether from runology, known Pagan religious beliefs, or Saxon witchcraft ritual, all point to the use of wood, particularly from fruit-bearing trees.

I am no longer making rune sets these days, my fingers don’t work as well as they used to, but in my efforts to accurately recreate the Ancient Runemal, they were made from Ash, Beech, Birch, Blackthorn, Cherry, Chestnut, Elder, Hawthorn, Hazel, Rowan, Sycamore, Willow and a few other wild woods. In keeping with the Pagan respect for living things, I never would cut from living trees, but used windfall or forested branches.

Each rune set was individually dated, serial numbered and identified as to the wood and its origin. You can find details of my book Discovering Runes and some retrospective articles about the rune sets and other handcrafted runewares that I used to make on my website at: http://www.runemaker.com.

For a comprehensive guide to all the rune meanings visit http://www.runemaker.com/futhark/reading.shtml. .

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Or you can have “The Rune Reminder” eBook at US$5.95 delivered right away to your email address,   to order. The 40 page e-book is designed as a memory aid for rune diviners. The full color illustrated pages give the meanings, interpretations and associations with colors, gemstones, trees and herbs etc. for each rune. The eBook also includes 11 original single-page articles on various points of interest that are not available on the website.

Author	Bob Oswald
Home Page	http://www.runemaker.com
email	click here
Copyright	© 1994-2010 Bob Oswald
You may freely reproduce the text and graphics of this article provided that the items shown with a pink background are included in your publication. You may not edit the article without permission. Any discovered copyright infringement will result in legal action. We scan the web regularly for key phrases in this article. We always prosecute plagiarism and copyright theft, report it to ISPs and hosts, post the infringement on “name and shame” websites.

Originally posted 2011-03-17 12:38:52. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

Does the male aspect of the divine have a slightly less important role in worship than the goddess? Well yes and no well for me any way. I am not sure if it partly because I have hang-ups over the catholic and Christian version of the divine or that my early introductions to Wicca and other pagan paths which put more emphasis on the goddess or that my path lead me to be a priest of one goddess.

The idea of the God is often seen as consult to the goddess a mate or lover I am sure that when we look at the god in greater detail that we find that he has been somewhat castrated in traditions that put more influence on the goddess.

The God aspect of the divine is an equal and opposite of the goddess and should be seen in no less than an equal standing with the goddess. The god like the goddess has many different guises and roles. One of which is the consort or lover to the goddess aspect.

Like the goddess that God can be seen in the three major forms, a youth. A husband or lover, and finally, as a sage or wise man. These three stages mimic the three stages of the goddess. In some mythology is that God is seen to grow as a person through the follies of youth into a triumphant husband. And finally wise king. In others these roles are played out amongst the male members of a pantheon.

But no matter how the male aspect of the divine is seen. He must always be considered to be the opposite of the goddess, a positive to a negative, a light to a dark a yin to a yan. The divine form cannot exist without this duality.

This duality is where life is created, not just material physical living life. But the underlying threads of existence that hold the universe in place.

This male aspect is strongly linked in our minds with the supposed roles of a man, someone strong, aggressive war like sexually potent, a leader and a father. The roles that are deemed by society to be the roles of the man.

It is as social backgrounds that lead us to creating massively archetypes, which form an image of the gods and the gods we choose to worship in life. They become our role models at home personal father figures.

In Duotheistic belief structures that God and goddess are basically seen as mother and father, while polytheistic beliefs. The gods and goddesses are brother’s sisters are aunts and uncles and cousins and extended family as well as mother and father. A bit like the divine Mafia, each member of the family as a role to play the job to do a purpose.

It’s easier to understand the role of the God in a Duotheistic belief structure, because it is just a simple as, masculine and feminine one of the reasons. I had difficulty with the God aspect in this dual form, was the connection. I had to a father figure, since there was nothing like my father. I needed to find a male archetype. I wanted to be like. I’ve found that not one God had all the things I was seeking remembering that all gods are but one god.

As well as the fact my patron goddess is not known for relationships, and often prefers to work alone, requiring no consort.

So, in searching for a male aspect for ritual and spell work. I needed to find deities, who one would work well with the goddess and work with me during the search for God. I needed to look at my own life and find the things that were important to me. And that echoes in the archetypal form of the male deity. The first thing that sprang to mind was my sexuality, as it is considered by society Not to be manly. So I sought out gay gods basically. I tried working with pan, but I did not feel comfortable, and then came across Apollo and although I felt much more comfortable. Something still was not quite right, and then I came across Hermes and found it much more comfortable and acceptable. Not just myself to my goodness.

I am sure that my understanding and personal experiences with family and church made my concept of the God a difficult idea to come to terms with the relationship. A person has their divine beings; the God or goddess is a personal and unique relationship. The closer we match our personality to the divine. The closer our relationship will become. When seeking the God do not be constrained by the visions of others look to yourself to find the God within. Start by looking at what is most important to you, then looks the gods, you share your interests then through the Common ground. Can your connection with the divine, become a truly solid and beneficial relationship. Below is a list of gods, who appear in gay themed myths

Apollo & Hyacinth (Greek) – Apollo, a god of music, dance, healing and inspiration, is known for taking male lovers, most notably Hyacinth. Hyacinth was mortally wounded. Unable to save his beloved, Apollo created the Hyacinth flower from his blood. Hyacinth later became a divine patron to those pursuing same sex love.

Artemis (Greek) – Artemis is the huntress, the goddess of the Moon and the protector of women and children. Artemis rejects traditional roles, such as marriage, and feels kinship to those beyond traditional roles. Her festivals included same sex worship from men and women.

Astarte (Phoenician/Canaanite) – Astarte is a manifestation of the Great Mother, sometimes depicted as a hermaphrodite. Astarte’s temples were served by the kelabim, a gay male priest caste.

Chin (Mayan) – Chin, a small child or dwarf god, introduced homoerotic relationships to the Mayan nobles. The nobles obtained youths of the lower classes to be the lovers of the noble’s sons. Such unions were considered legal marriages under Mayan law.

Dionysus (Greek) – As a god of wine, madness, poetry and love, Dionysus is depicted as soft and feminine, yet virile and strong. He wore women’s clothing to hide from his stepmother’s wrath. Dionysus became lovers with the gods Adonis and Hermaphrodite.

Eros, Hermes & Hercules (Greek) – Eros, Hermes and Hercules granted blessings upon male couples, the gifts of loyalty, eloquence and strength, respectively. Eros was called upon by warrior-lovers before a fight, because the ancient Greeks believed victory is often achieved because of the love between men.

Ganesha (Hindu) – Most popularly depicted as a four armed, plump man with an elephant’s head, Ganesha is the breaker of obstacles and linked to homoerotic worship involving anal sex. Ganesha is mixed in terms of sexuality, masculine in gender, but soft, tender and portrayed with breasts.

Odin (Norse) – Viewed as the all father and creator, Odin would often disguise himself as a woman. His relationship with his blood brother, Loki, had homoerotic overtones, and he studied the feminine mysteries of the goddess Freya.

Pan (Greek) The goat god of music and nature, depicted with panpipes, erect penis and chasing after maidens and men, particularly shepherds.

Set & Horus (Egyptian) – Horus, the divine child, was in constant conflict with his uncle Set, but one story survives of oral intercourse between Set and Horus, and Set ultimately gives birth to Horus’ child. Gay priests served Horus’ mother, the goddess Isis, in ancient Egypt.

Zeus (Greek) – Zeus is a sky god and well known for his sexual liaisons, including his male cupbearer Ganymede. In ancient material, he is transgendered as Zeus Arrhenothelus, both mother and father.

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Originally posted 2011-01-31 12:51:16. Republished by Blog Post Promoter