
(Feoh) byþ frofur fira gehwylcum.
Sceal ðeah manna gehwylc miclun hyt dælan
gif he wile for drihtne domes hleotan.
(Feoh) Wealth is a comfort to every man,
Although each should share it freely,
To gain the approval of the Lord.
(Ur) byþ anmod and oferhyrned,
felafrecne deor, feohteþ mid hornum,
mære morstapa; þæt is modig wuht.
(Ur) Aurochs is a courageous beast, having huge horns,
A savage beast, it fights with its horns,
A noble stalker of the moors, it is a fierce beast!
(Thorn) byþ ðearle scearp; ðegna gehwylcum
anfeng ys yfyl, ungemetun reþe
manna gehwylcun ðe him mid resteð.
(Thorn) Thorn is extremely sharp,
Painful to any thane that grasps it,
Immeasurably fierce to any man,
That rests among them.
(Os) byþ ordfruma ælcre spræce,
wisdomes wraþu and witena frofur,
and eorla gehwam eadnys and tohiht.
(Os) Mouth is the source of every statement,
Wisdom’s support and a comfort to the wise,
And the joy and delight of the nobleman.1
(Rad) byþ on recyde rinca gehwylcum
sefte, and swiþhwæt ðam ðe sitteþ on ufan
meare mægenheardum ofer milpaþas.
(Rad) Riding is to the warrior in the hall easy,
But very strenuous for one who sits on top,
Of a powerful horse over the long miles.2
(Cen) byþ cwicera gehwam cuþ on fyre,
blac and beorhtlic, byrneþ oftust
ðær hi æþelingas inne restaþ.
(Cen) Torch is to the living, known by its fire,
Shining and bright, most often it burns inside,
Where princes sit at ease. 3
(Gifu) gumena byþ gleng and herenys,
wraþu and wyrþscype, and wræcna gehwam
ar and ætwist ðe byþ oþra leas.
(Gifu) Generosity is a mark of distinction and praise for men,
A prop to their honor and for the wretched ,
A benefit and a means of survival, when there is no other.
(Wen) ne bruceþ ðe can weana lyt,
sares and sorge, and him sylfa hæfþ
blæd and blysse and eac byrga geniht.
(Wen) He has Joy, who knows little of the woes of pain or sorrow,
And has for himself, prosperity and happiness,
And also the contentment of a fortified town. 4
(Haegl) byþ hwitust corna; hwyrft hit of heofones lyfte,
wealcaþ hit windes scuras, weorþeþ hit to wætere syððan.
(Haegl) Hail is the whitest of grains,
whirling from heaven’s height,
Gusts of wind toss it about,
and then it becomes water.
(Nyd) byþ nearu on breostan, weorþeþ hi ðeah oft niþa bearnum
to helpe and to hæle gehwæþre, gif hi his hlystaþ æror.
(Nyd) Need oppresses the heart,
Yet often it becomes for the sons of men,
A source of help and salvation,
If they heed it in time.
(Is) byþ oferceald, ungemetum slidor,
glisnaþ glæshluttur, gimmum gelicust,
flor forste geworuht, fæger ansyne.
(Is) Ice is very cold, and immeasurably slippery,
It glitters, clear as glass, very like jewels,
A floor, wrought by frost, fair to behold.
(ger) byþ gumena hiht, ðon god læteþ,
halig heofones cyning, hrusan syllan
beorhte bleda beornum and ðearfum.
(Ger) Harvest is a joy to men, when God, heaven’s holy king,
Causes the earth to produce bright fruits,
For both the rich and the poor.
(Eoh) byþ utan unsmeþe treow,
heard, hrusan fæst, hyrde fyres,
wyrtrumun underwreþyd, wyn on eþle.
(Eoh) Yew is a tree, rough on the outside,
Hard and firm in the earth, guardian of fires,
Supported by roots, a joy on the estate.
(Peorth) byþ symble plega and hlehter
wlancum ðar wigan sittaþ
on beorsele bliþe ætsomne.
(Peorth) Lot-cup is recreation and laughter to the high spirited …
For the warriors gathered happily together in the mead hall.5
(Eolhx) secg eard hæfþ oftust on fenne,
wexeð on wature, wundaþ grimme,
blode breneð beorna gehwylcne
ðe him ænigne onfeng gedeð.
(Eolhx) Elk-sedge is usually found in the fens,
Growing on the water, Grimly wounding,
Staining with blood, any man who grasps it.
(Sigel) semannum symble biþ on hihte,
ðonn hi hine feriaþ ofer fisces beþ,
oþ hi brimhengest bringeþ to lande.
(Sigel) Sun is always hope for seamen,
When they row the sea-stead over the fishes bath,
Until it brings them to land.
(Tir) biþ tacna sum, healdeð trywa wel
wiþ æþelingas, a biþ on færylde,
ofer nihta genipu næfre swiceþ.
(Tir) Tir is one of the guiding signs,
It keeps faith well with noblemen,
Ever it holds on course, through cloudy night
And never fails.
(Beorc) byþ bleda leas, bereþ efne swa ðeah
tanas butan tudder, biþ on telgum wlitig,
heah on helme hrysted fægere,
geloden leafum, lyfte getenge.
(Beorc) Birch is void of fruit,
Nevertheless it bears shoots without seed,
It is beautiful by its branches,
High of crown, fairly adorned,
Tall and leafy, touching the heights.
(Eh) byþ for eorlum æþelinga wyn,
hors hofum wlanc, ðær him hæleþ ymbe,
welege on wicgum, wrixlaþ spræce,
and biþ unstyllum æfre frofur.
(Eh) Horse is a joy for princes among the noble,
A steed proud in its hooves, when warriors
Prosperous on horseback exchange speech concerning it,
And it is always a comfort to the restless. 6
(Man) byþ on myrgþe his magan leof;
sceal þeah anra gehwylc oðrum swican,
for ðam dryhten wyle dome sine
þæt earme flæsc eorþan betæcan.
(Man) Man rejoicing in life is beloved by his kinsmen
Yet everyone shall betray another,
Because the Lord wills it by his judgement,
To commit that wretched flesh to the earth.7
(Lagu) byþ leodum langsum geþuht,
gif hi sculun neþan on nacan tealtum,
and hi sæyþa swyþe bregaþ,
and se brimhengest bridles ne gymeð.
(Lagu) Water seems to be unending to men,
If they are obliged to venture out on a tossing ship,
And the sea waves terrify them exceedingly,
And the sea-steed8 does not heed the bridle.
(Ing) wæs ærest mid Eastdenum
gesewen secgun, oþ he siððan eft
ofer wæg gewat, wæn æfter ran;
ðus heardingas ðone hæle nemdun.
(Ing) Ing was first among the East Danes,
Beheld by men, until afterwards to the east,
He went over the waves, (his) chariot ran after,
Then the warriors named the hero thusly. 9
(Ethel) byþ oferleof æghwylcum men,
gif he mot ðær rihtes and gerysena on
brucan on bolde bleadum oftast.
(Ethel) The ancestral estate is very dear to every man,
If he may there in his house enjoy most often in prosperity,
That which is right and fitting.
(Daeg) byþ drihtnes sond, deore mannum,
mære metodes leoht, myrgþ and tohiht
eadgum and earmum, eallum brice.
(Daeg) Day is sent by the Lord, beloved of man,
Glorious light of the Creator, joy and hope,
To those who have and have not, of benefit to all.
(Ac) byþ on eorþan elda bearnum
flæsces fodor, fereþ gelome
ofer ganotes bæþ; garsecg fandaþ
hwæþer ac hæbbe æþele treowe.
(Ac) Oak is the nourishment of meat on the earth ,10
For the children of men; often it travels,
Over the gannet’s bath11 – the spear-sea tests,
Whether the oak keeps faith nobly.
(Aesc) biþ oferheah, eldum dyre,
stiþ on staþule, stede rihte hylt,
ðeah him feohtan on firas monige.
(Aesc) The ash is very tall, dear to mankind,
Strong in its position, it holds its ground rightly,
Though many men attack it.13
(Yr) byþ æþelinga and eorla gehwæs
wyn and wyrþmynd, byþ on wicge fæger,
fæstlic on færelde, fyrdgeatewa sum.
(Yr) Yew is a joy and honor to all princes and nobles,
And is fair on a mount, reliable on a journey,
A type of army gear. 14
(Iar) byþ eafix, and ðeah a bruceþ
fodres on foldan, hafaþ fægerne eard,
wætre beworpen, ðær he wynnum leofaþ.
(Iar) Eel is a river fish, and yet it takes its food on land,
It has a beautiful dwelling place, surrounded by water,
There it lives in delight.
(Ear) byþ egle eorla gehwylcun,
ðonn fæstlice flæsc onginneþ,
hraw colian, hrusan ceosan
blac to gebeddan; bleda gedreosaþ,
wynna gewitaþ, wera geswicaþ.
(Ear) Earth is loathsome to every nobleman.
When irresistibly the flesh,
The dead body, begins to grow cold,
The livid one chooses the earth for a bedmate,
Fruits fail, joys vanish, covenants are broken.
Notes:
1. Who speaks only noble things?
2. That is: it is easier to boast of riding (or any difficult task) than to
actually do it.
3. This is often translated as “burns in the hall” but the literal Old English
merely means “inside” and thus can refer to some sort of spiritual quality or
virtue which like a fire burns brightly within the nobleman.
4. The use of the word for a fortified town here (OE byrga) suggests that Joy
lies in the security of knowing that one’s contentment will last…
5. This is thought to be a table game of some sort, but is no longer known for
certain. The lot-cup, that is a gambling or dice cup is suggested
orthographically by the Elder Futhark form of this rune.
6. Perhaps it allays restlessness because it is always a ready topic for idle
conversation…
7. This is an interesting concept: that we betray our kinsmen by dying on them!
8. A ship.
9. Fro Ing is a deity, corresponding to the Vanic Freyr. The verse may be an
aetiological one that explains the “meaning” of his name, but it is no longer
clear…
10. Acorns are primary food of wild pigs…
11. The sea. Oak is used to make ships and is tested afterwards by the sea.
12. Meaning the stormy sea.
13. Ash is often used as a synecdoche for spear and here by extension the
connection is turned around so that the spear through the Ash is likened to a
warrior who stands his ground against an onslaught of foemen.
14. Note the riddle-like usage here. This rune stands for the Yew which is the
wood used to make a bow. Thus the verse is about a bow.
Translation by Tom Wulf
Originally posted 2011-07-14 12:11:49. Republished by Blog Post Promoter