Cyber Cauldron

Part I: What Sayeth The Rede?

The “archaically worded” construction “An it harm none, do what ye will,” rendered into modern English is literally, “if it doesn’t harm anyone, do what you want.”

Many modern Wiccans “reverse” the construction, however, taking the first part and putting it after the second to read: “Do what ye will an it harm none,” or in modern English “Do what you want if it doesn’t harm anyone.”

Many people give the word “an” or “if” a value of “so long as” – which is acceptable substitution, because it doesn’t alter the meaning of the Rede itself. However they then proceed to read “so long as” as “only if,” and that is *completely different*, because the Rede has ceased to be a “wise counsel” [anyone checked the meaning of "rede" in the dictionary lately?] and become an injunction: prohibitive commandment, rather than permissive advice.

In other words, the original archaic construction actually says “if it is not going to hurt anyone, it is ok to do” – this is *not* the same as “if it hurts anyone it is *not* ok to do.”

What is the significance of the change? A larger one than you might see, at first glance.

The “actual construction Rede,” or AC Rede, says it is ok to do something that won’t harm anyone, but it *does not say anything* about those things which do cause harm, except to set an ethical standard of harmlessness as the criteria to judge by.

The “modern reconstruction Rede” or MR Rede, explicitly says that any and all actions that cause harm are forbidden.

The two constructions do *not* mean the same thing at all. And it should be obvious that this has implications on our thinking, and discussions of the possibility of “obeying” the Rede.

Most of you will have heard or read, as I have, people saying the Rede is something to strive to live by, even though mundane reality makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to do so to the letter. *This is only true of the MR Rede, not the AC Rede!* As examples, they cite situations such as self-defence; *this violates the MR Rede*. Period. But it does *not* violate the AC Rede. Period.

Earlier, I stated that the AC Rede does not rule on actions that do cause harm – and this is true. It only rules on those actions, which do not, by saying that they are acceptable. This is relevant to “victimless crimes” for example – civil “crimes” may in fact be “ethical,” by the judgment of the AC Rede.

What the AC Rede *does* do, in terms of actions that cause harm, is state an ethical value by which an individual must judge the results of her/his actions before acting. In other words, by stating that a harmless action is ethical, the AC Rede sets harmlessness as the criteria for evaluation. Acting to prevent greater harm – but in the process causing lesser harm – may then be ethical, if there is no harmless, or more harmless, method of preventing that greater harm – because *not* acting to prevent harm is to *cause* it, by an act of *omission* rather than *commission*.

In short the difference between the AC Rede, and the MR Rede, is that the AC Rede is a perfectly-obeyable ethical standard, but the MR Rede is not, as so many people have pointed out. Do we take as our ethical standard a “counsel” which *can* be obeyed, or one which *necessitates rationalizing in some instances*? Which is truer to the Wicca, and to the *real* Rede?

“rede: n. [Middle English rede < Old English raed < base of

raedan, to interpret] [archaic] 1. counsel; advice 2. a plan; scheme

3. a story; tale 4. an interpretation”

(from Webster’s New World Dictionary)

Part II: “Do good, an it be safe…” (from the Ordains)

The MR Rede is the most common interpretation in Wicca today; so much so, that not only do many Wiccans not realize there’s a difference in the two constructions, but they *deny* it when it is pointed out to them, holding firmly to the MR Rede as what the original has always meant.

At first the change of language was only an attempt to bring the language up from archaic, to modern English; but in doing so especially with the public relations campaign, to convince people that Wiccans are “not black magick/not devil worship/not evil nasty curse-casters” the “harmlessness” aspect of the Rede was stressed, over the personal responsibility aspect. And in essence Wiccans became the victims of their own PR campaign.

An additional result is the injunction that one may never work magick for others, even to heal, without their knowledge and consent. Of course, we are allowed by this injunction to ask “Can I pray for you?” as a means of obtaining the consent. From “a love spell aimed at one particular person is unethical because it violates their will only to serve our lust” we’ve moved to an extreme: to the prohibitive injunction against ever doing any magick for another without permission, since it violates their free will. Does anyone *really* believe the Gods will judge them ill, for attempting to heal someone?

What of the case of an unconscious accident victim and family unavailable to ask – are we forbidden to work? No, of course we’re not – but we *do* have to accept the karmic consequences of such acts. Do you really think that a neurotic who uses an illness as a crutch wouldn’t be better healed of that neurosis as well as the illness? Of course that may call up some karma if the person isn’t strong enough to give up that crutch yet. Once again the real criteria is *personal responsibility* and consideration of the consequences of one’s actions *before* one acts rather than the “thou shalt not” prohibitive commandment.

There is however another reason for the “prohibitive form” of these redes – one which has some validity. The teacher bears a karmic responsibility for the student. There was a group whose teaching was, “No magick may be done for another, even to heal, without their consent; any exceptions may be decided only by the High Priestess and the High Priest.” The point of this is that a student is not yet experienced enough, not yet wise enough (since wisdom is the harvest we reap of our experience and knowledge), to have that kind of decision, and the resulting karmic burden, left to rest fully upon her/his shoulders – hence, some teachers and some Trads do not allow neophytes to have responsibility for that kind of decision-making.

 

It is far better, however, to teach a student the essential importance of personal responsibility, the need to look ahead for possible consequences before they act, than to lay “thou shalt not’s” upon them despite Wicca’s insistence that we have none.

I received a comment about the last sentence in part I, paragraph 3, that said “Ack! Welcome to the One Wiccan Commandment! Any ‘thou shalt nots’ lurking around?” Food for thought, my fellow Wiccans! Food for thought!

By: David Piper, Sat 21 May 94 12:16

Related articles

• The Wiccan Rede (terikisilverbirch.wordpress.com)
• Tuesday Theology – An it Harm None (breaaire.wordpress.com)

Originally posted 2011-07-05 11:34:01. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

The following are all documented incidents in the killings of “witches.” So as part of lesson into the history of witchcraft and our past lets do a role call of our brothers and sisters who died because they where named as WITCH as part of your learning if a name calls you seek out their history and learn!

ONLY incidents relating to witchcraft accusations have been included. Bear in mind that this is assuredly not all of them.

Interestingly, it is possible to document that of all the trials, only one set (in 1390 Milan) involved women tried for practicing rites led by the pagan Goddess Diana. The bulk of the trials between 1400 and 1700 involved diabolism, Luciferianism, and acts relating to the Devil. Before 1400, the majority of trials were focused on the use of magics to harm others, to practice treasonous divination and spells against a monarch.

It is therefore a reasonable assumption to make that the trials and persecutions of the “Burning Times” were not aimed at actual practicing “pagans,” but rather at a whole other class of people.

Some were guilty. Most were probably innocent and Christian. A few were “satanists,” most were not. Some were just senile. Or too ugly. Or too pretty. Or just in the wrong place at the wrong time.

 

A

Abageda, Abametcha: executed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for murder, 1999

`Abd al-Karim Mara`i al-Naqshabandi: age forty, executed in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,13 December, 1996

d’Aubray, Marie-Madeleine (Marquise de Brinvilliers): burned alive Place de Greve, Paris, 1676.

Adams, Thomas: executed in Pittenweem, Scotland in 1704

Adamson, Francis: executed at Durham, England, in 1652

Agato (wife): burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Albano, Peter of: died in prison circa 1310

Alenchena, Shenfo: executed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for murder, 1999

Alderman, Anne: of Chattisham; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Allen, Joan: hanged at the Old Bailey, London, England, in 1650

Allen, Jonet: burned in Scotland in 1661

Altseer, Simon (date unknown): Munich, Germany

Amalaric, Madeline: burned in France in mid-1500′s

Ancker, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Andrius, Barthelemy: burned at Carcassonne, France in 1330

Andrius, Jean: burned at Carcassonne, France in 1330

Andrius, Phillippe: burned at Carcassonne, France in 1330

Arnold, (first name unknown): hanged at Barking, England, in 1574

Ariens, Marrigje: Burned 1591 in Schoonhoven, Holland.

Arista, Josephine: burned at the stake in Ojinaga Mexico, July 3, 1955

Árnason, Sveinn: burned in Arngerðareyri in the Westfjords, Iceland in 1683

Ashby, Anne: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Askew, Anne: burned for witchcraft 1546

Audibert, Etienne: condemned for witchcraft in France, on 20 March 1619

Aupetit, Pierre: burned at Bordeaux, France, in 1598

 

B

 

 

Baarsen, Quiwe: sentenced to be burned at Hasvåg, Norway, on 11 May 1627

Babel, Zuickel: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Babel, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bacon, Mary: of Chattisham; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Bedran, Margareta: burned at Gric, Croatia 1698

Benekovic, Ursa: burned at Gric, Croatia 1698

Baguely, Mary: hung at Chester, England, 1675

Baker, Anne: executed in Leicester, England, in 1619

Balcoin, Marie: burned in the reign of Henry IV of France

Balfour, Alison: burned at Edinburgh, Scotland, on 16 December, 1594

Bannach, (husband) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bannach, (wife) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Barber, Mary: executed in Northhampton, England, on 22 July, 1612

Barclay, Margaret: Scotland, 1684

Barker, Janet: burned in Scotland in 1643

Baroni, Catterina: beheaded and burned at Castelnovo, Italy, on 14 April, 1647

Barthe, Angela de la: burned at Toulouse, France, in 1275

Barton, William: executed in Scotland (year unknown)

Basser, Fredrick: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bateman, Mary: Yorkshire, England, 20 March, 1808

Batsch, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Baunach, (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bauer, Stephan: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1630

Bayerin, Anna: executed at Salzburg, Austria, in 1751

Bean, Margrat: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Beaumont, Sieur de: accused of witchcraft on 21 October, 1596

Bebelin, Gabriel: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Beck, Viertel: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Beck, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Belon, Jean: executed in France, in 1597

Benkovic Brckovic, Magda: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1751

Berger, Christopher: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Berrye, Agnes: hanged at Enfield, England, in 1616

Besenic, Ursa: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1585

Bennet, Elizabeth: executed in St. Osyth, England in 1582

Bentz, (mother) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bentz, (daughter) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Beuchel, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1581

Beutler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bill, Arthur: executed in Northhampton, England, on 22 July, 1612

Billington, Isabella: hanged and burnt at York, England, in 1650

Billington, (husband of Isabella): hanged and burnt at York, England, in 1650

Bilskup, Katarina: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1743

Birenseng, Agata: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 25 June, 1594

Bishop, Briget: hanged at Salem, New England on 10 June, 1692

Biskup, Barbara: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Bjarnason, Egill: burned in Trékyllisvík, Strandir, Iceland in 1654

Bjarnason, Magnús: burned in 1675 in Iceland

Bjarnason, Bjarni: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1677

Blackbourne, Mary: of Great Yarmouth; hanged in England ca 1647

Blasic, Doroteja: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1751

Boanes (or Boones), Joyce: hanged at St Osyth, England ca. 1645

Bodenham, Anne: hanged at Salisbury, England, in 1653

Bogdan Fumic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Boleyn, Anne: beheaded at London, England on 19 May 1536

Bolingbroke, Roger: hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn, England, on 18 November, 1441

Bonnet, Jean: burned alive at Boissy-en-Ferez, France, in 1583

Boram, (mother) (first name unknown): hung at Bury St Edmunds, England, in 1655

Boram, (daughter) (first name unknown): hung at Bury St Edmunds, England, in 1655

Bosse, Marie (and her children – no names given): burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Boulay, Anne: burned at Nancy, France, in 1620

Boulle, Thomas: burned alive at Rouen, France, on 21 August, 1647

Bowman, Janet: burned in Scotland in 1572

Brack, (first name unknown, the wife of Heinrich): executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany.

Bradwell, Elizabeth: of Great Yarmouth; hanged in England ca 1647

Bragadini, Mark Antony: beheaded in Italy in the 1500′s

Bretton, Hellen: hanged at Kirby, England ca 1645

Brickmann, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Brigge, Mabel: executed in York, England,1538

Bright, Sarah: hanged at Manningtree, Essex, England ca 1645

Brigljevic, Katarina: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Brigue, Jehane de: burned alive at the Pig Market in Paris on 19 August, 1391

Brose, Elizabeth: tortured to death in the castle of Gommern, Germany, on 4 November, 1660

Brown, Janet: burned in Scotland in 1643

Browne, Agnes: executed in Northhampton, England, on 22 July, 1612

Browne (Vaughan), Joan: executed in Northhampton, England, on 22 July, 1612

Browne, Mary: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Brooks, Jane: hanged in England on 26 March, 1658

Brugh, John: burned in Scotland in 1643

Brukec, Marijana: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1751

Buckh, Appollonia: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1581

Bucklin, Elisabeth: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Bugler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Bulcock, John: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Bulcock, Jane: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Bull, Edmund: hanged at Taunton, England, in 1631

Bulmer, Matthew: hanged at Newcastle, England, in 1649

Buncekovica, Mara: burned at Gric, Croatia 1743

Bunot, Leon: murdered in France by Victor Delorme on 26 Nov., 1948

Bure, Anna Israelsdotter: about 45 years old, wife of Peter Eriksson Snifs, beheaded at Gävle, Sweden 6 March 1675

Burroughs, George: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 August, 1692

Bursten-Binderin, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628 – 1629

 

C

 

 

Cade (Cate) aka Maidenhead, Anne: hanged at Great Holland, Essex, England ca. 1645

Calles, Helen: executed at Braynford, England, on 1 December, 1595

Camelli, Domenica: beheaded and burned at Castelnovo, Italy, on 14 April, 1647

Canon, Brita, wife of Hans Johansson: beheaded and burned Gävle, Sweden 6 March 1675

Canzler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Cardien, Joan: executed at Faversham, Kent, England, on 29 Sept. 1645

Carre, Henry: of Rattlesden; died in jail at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England ca 1645

Carrier, Martha: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 August, 1692

Carrington, John (husband): executed at Wethersfield, Connecticut on 20 February, 1650

Carrington, Joanna (wife): executed at Wethersfield, Connecticut on 20 February, 1650

Caveden, Lucia: beheaded and burned at Castelnovo, Italy, on 14 April, 1647

Cemola, Zinevra: beheaded and burned at Castelnovo, Italy, on 14 April, 1647

Cendrekovic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Cherrie, (first name unknown): of Thrapston, Northamtonshire, England; died in prison on the day he was due to stand trial 1646

Challiot, (first name unknown): murdered at St. Georges, France, in February, 1922

Chalmers, Bessie: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Chambers, (first name unknown): died in prison, in England, in 1693

Chamoulliard, (first name unknown): burned in France, in 1597

de Chantraine, Anne: burned as a witch in Waret-la-Chaussee, France, on October 17, 1622

Chatto, Marioun: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Ciceron, Andre: burned alive at Carcassone, France, in 1335

Cigetic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Cik, Katerina: burned at Varazdin, Croatia 1709

Cincic, Jelena: burned at Kaptol, Croatia 1699

Clarke alias Bedingfield, Elizabeth: hanged at Manningtree, Essex, England 1645

Cleary, Bridget: beaten and burned to death by her husband, relatives, and friends, on the suspicion that the “real Bridget” had been taken away by fairies and replaced by a witch, in Clonmel, Tipperary, Ireland, 1894

Clipwell (Clisswell), Alice: hanged at Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England ca 1645

Cocke, Susan: died in gaol of plague after being pardoned at St. Osyth, Essex, England 1645

Coeuret, Adam (aka Abbot Le Sage): burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Coneman, (widow): executed in Coggeshall, England in 1699

Cooke, Mary: died in jail at Langham, Essex, England 29 May 1645

Cooper, Anne: hanged at Great Clacton, Essex, England 1645

Cooper, Joan: died in jail on 27 May 1645 before coming to trial at Great Clacton, Essex, England

Coppin, Mary: died in jail of plague at Kirby-le-Soken, Essex, England February 1647

Corey, Martha: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Corey, Giles: pressed to death at Salem, New England, on 19 September, 1692

Cornfoot, Janet: killed by a mob at Pittenweem, Scotland in 1704

Corrillaut, Etienne: executed at Machecoul, France in 1440

Corset, Janet: killed by a mob at Pittenweem, Scotland, in 1704

Cos, Ana: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1699

Cothmann, Katharina: executed in Lemgo (near Paderborn) 1654

Cockie, Isabel: burnt as a witch, at a cost of 105 s. 4 p., in England 1596

“Old Widow Coneman” (Coman): executed in Coggeshall, England, 1699

Cornu, Marie: convicted and sentenced to be strangled and burned at Fenain (France), February 14, 1611

Cox, Julian: executed at Taunton, England, in 1663

Couper, Marable: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

Craw, William: burned in Scotland in 1680

Crierson, Robert: executed at North Berwick, England in 1594

Crots, (son) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Cullender, Rose: executed at Bury St Edmunds, England, on 17 March 1662

Cumber Cvetko, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Cumlaquoy, Marian: burned at Orkney, Scotland in 1643

Cunningham, John: burned at Edinburgh, in January, 1591

Cunny, (Coney) Joan: hanged in Chelmsford, England, in 1589

de Cusset, Marie (La Filastre): burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Czuranka, Ana: burned at Samobor, Croatia 1741

 

D

 

 

Dalesu: beaten to death at Ramarayi, India on November 21, 2000

Dedovka, Mara: burned at Gric, Croatia 1743

Deiner, Hans: burned at Waldsee, Germany (year unknown)

Delort, Catherine: burned at Toulouse, France, in 1335

Denham, Alice: of Ipswich; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England ca 1645

Demdike, Elizabeth: convicted, but died in prison, in Lancaster, England, in 1612

DeMolay, Jacques: Grand Master of the Templars, burned in France on 19 March 1314

Denny, Amy: executed at Bury St Edmunds, England, on 17 March, 1662

Desbordes, (first name unknown): burned in France, in 1628

Deshayes-Monvoisin, Catherine (aka La Voisin): burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 22 February, 1682

Device, Elizabeth: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Device, James: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Device, Alizon: (age 11 years) executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Dimmensdr (Verniel), Ninge: burned at Goedereede, Holland, in 1585

Dimmensdr (Verniel), Lene: suicided in prison at Goedereede, Holland, in 1585

Diðriksson, Lassi: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1675

Dixon, Alice: hanged at Wivenhoe, Essex, England ca 1645

Djurancevic, Jana (?): burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Doree, Catherine: executed at Courveres, France, in 1577

Dorlady, Mansfredo: burned at Vesoul, France as being the Devil’s banker, on 18 January, 1610

Dorlady, Fernando: burned at Vesoul, France as being the Devil’s banker, on 18 January, 1610

Dormar, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 October, 1586

Douglas, Janet: burned at Castle, Hill, Scotland, on 17 July, 1557

Duffhuss, Ferdinand: executed in Paderborn, Germany, 1657

Drummond, Alexander: executed in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1670

Drvaric, Ana: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Dudgeon, Elizabeth: of Great Yarmouth; hanged in England ca 1647

Duganka, Bara: burned at Gric, Croatia 1743

Dumbovic, a nun of the “Margaret Order”: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

“Dummy” (name unknown; he was deaf-and-dumb): killed by a mob at Sible Hedingham, England, on 3 August, 1865

Duncan, Gellie: hanged in Scotland in 1591

Dunhome, Margaret: burned in Scotland (year unknown)

Dunlop, Bessie: burned at Castle Hill, Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1576

Dustin, Sarah: died in prison in Massachucetts, N. America

Dyneis, Jonka: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

Dyer, Mary: hung in Massachucetts, N. America, 1 June, 1660

 

E

 

Easty, Mary: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692 Echtinger, Barbara: imprisoned for life at Waldsee, Germany, on 24 August, 1545 Edelfrau, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629 Edwards, Susanna: hanged at Bideford (Heavitree), England, 25 August, 1682 Einseler, Catharina: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 6 July, 1581 Elisabeta (daughter of Margareta): burned at Gric, Croatia 1429 Elling (first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29 Ellroth, ( first name unknown, The wife of Balthasar Ellroth): executed on June 17, l663, Lindheim, Germany Erb, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 March, 1586 Esch, Klaus : executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany Euler, Anna : executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany Everard, Thomas: of Halesworth; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645. Everard, Mary: married woman of Halesworth; (wife of above) hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645. Eyering, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629 Eyjólfsson, Erlendur: burned in Húnavatnssýsla county in north Iceland in 1669

 

F

 

 

Fandey, Mona : executed in Maylasia, 2 November, 2001

Fian, John: hanged at Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1591

Fief, Mary le: of Samur, France, accused of witchcraft, on 13 October 1573

Finnbogason, Halldór: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1685

Flade, Dietrich: executed at Treves, 1589

Fleischbaum, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Flieger, Catharina: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 6 July, 1581

Flower, Joan: died before trial, at Lincoln, England, 1619

Flower, Margaret: executed at Lincoln, England, in March, 1619

Flower, Phillippa: executed at Lincoln, England, in March, 1619

Foster, Anne: hanged at Northhampton, England, in 1674

Frances, Elizabeth: executed in Chelmsford, England, 1579

Francoise (last name unknown): burned in France on 30 July, 1606

Fray, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 12 June, 1587

Fray, Margaret: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 25 June, 1594

Fuller, Mary: of Combs; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27th August 1645.

Fukan, Marija: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1751

Funjak, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Futakovic, Jela: burned at Dolnja Stubica, Croatia 1746

Fynnie, Agnes: burned in Scotland in 1643

 

G

 

 

Gabley, (first name unknown): executed at King’s Lynn, England, in 1582

Galigai, Leonora: beheaded and burned at the Place de Grieve, France, on 8 July, 1617

Garner, Kathryn: ” … Welshwoman, found innocent of Witch Craft in Trial by Water. 2 pounds for burial in Christian ground;” Shropshire, England,1636

Garnier, Gilles: burned as a werewolf in Dole, France 1574

Gaudry, Suzanne: convicted at the Court of Mons (France) for witchcraft and executed July 9, 1652 by strangling and burning

Gaufridi, Louis: burned at Marseilles, France, at 5: 00 pm on 30 April, 1611

Geissler, Clara: strangled at Gelnhausen, Germany circa 1630

Georgel, Anna Marie de: burned at Toulouse, France, in 1335

Geraud, Hughes: burned in France in 1317

Gerard, Katherine: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Gering, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Gibson, Elizabeth: died in jail at Thorpe-le-Soken, Essex, England on June 1st 1645

Gilbert, Lydia: of Windsor, Connecticut, executed in 1654

Gissler (wife, first name unknown): executed in Derneburg, Obergrombach, Germany, 1555

Gissler (husband, first name unknown): executed in Derneburg, Obergrombach, Germany, 1555

Glanicnik (father): burned at Klenovnik, Croatia 1698

Glanicnik (son): burned at Klenovnik, Croatia 1698

Glaser, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Glover, Goody: hanged at Salem, New England, in 1688

Gobel, Barbara: burned at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Gobel’s child, (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Goeldi, Anna: hanged at Glaris, Switzerland, on 17 June, 1782

Goldschmidt, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Golub, Dora: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1585

Good, Sarah: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 July, 1692

Gramiza, Katarina: burned at Samobor, Croatia 1741

Grammer, Anna: executed at Herb (Hohenberg), Germany, June 1613

Grandier, Urbain: burned at Loudon, France, on 18 August, 1634

Grant, Jonet: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Grant, Marion: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Green, Ellen: executed in Leicester, England, in 1619

“Old Wife Green”: burned in Pocklington, East Yorkshire, England in 1630

Greensmith, Nathaniel (husband): hanged in Hartford, New England, on 20 January, 1662

Greensmith, Mary (wife): hanged in Hartford, New England, on 20 January, 1662

Greenleife (or Greencliffe, Mary: died in jail Arlesford, Essex, England ca 1645

Grempell, Paul: executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Grempell (wife, first name unknown): executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Grempell (son, first name unknown): executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Grempell (son, first name unknown): executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Greulich, Noa: executed in Landshut, Obergrombach, Germany 1695

Grewe, Margery: hanged at Walton-le-Soken, Essex, England ca 1645

Grímsson, Stefán: burned in Húnavatnssýsla county, Iceland in 1678

Groebisch (first name unknown): executed in Derneburg, Obergrombach, Germany, 1555

Gooding (or Goodwyn), Elizabeth: hanged at Manningtree, Essex, England 1645

Goodridge, Alse: executed at Darbie, England, in 1597

Gratiadei, Domenica: beheaded and burned at Castelnovo, Italy, on 14 April, 1647

Greland, Jean: burned at Chamonix, France, in 1438, with 10 others

Griart, Henri: executed at Machecoul, France in 1440

Grierson, Isobel: burned in Scotland in March, 1607

Grudicek, Ana: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Abbot Guibourg: burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Guðbrandsson, Þórður: burned in Trékyllisvík, Strandir, Iceland in 1654

Gullsmed, Brita, wife of Lorenz: beheaded and burned Gävle, Sweden 6 March 1675

Gutbrod, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Gwinner, Else: executed in Germany on 21 Dec. 1601

 

H

 

 

Haan, George: burned at Bamberg, Germany, circa 1626

Haan, (wife of George): burned at Bamberg, Germany, circa 1626

Haan, (daughter of George): burned at Bamberg, Germany, circa 1626

Haan, (son of George): burned at Bamberg, Germany, circa 1626

Hack, Hans: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Hacket, Margaret: executed at Tyburn, England, on 19 February, 1585

Hagic, Magdalena: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Halldórsson, Þórarinn: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1667

Hallybread (or Hollybread), Rose: died in jail of plague at St Osyth, Essex, ca 1645

Hamilton, Margaret: burned in Scotland in 1680

Hating (or Hatyn), Sarah: hanged at Ramsey, Essex, England ca 1645

Hafner, (son) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hammellmann, Melchoir: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hamyltoun, Christiane: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Hans, David: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hans, Kilian: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Harfner, (first name unknown): hanged herself in the prison of Bamberg, 1628-1629

Harlow, Bessie: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Harrisson, Joanna: executed in Hertford, England, in 1606

Harrisson, (daughter of Joanna): executed in Hertford, England, in 1606

Harvey, Elizabeth: died in jail of plague at Ramsey, Essex, England ca 1645

Harvilliers, Jeanne: executed in France, in 1578

Haus, (wife) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hausen (first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Hausmannin, Walpurga: burned at the stake September 20, 1587, in Dillengen, Germany

Heare (or Hare), Elizabeth: hanged at Great Clacton, Essex, England ca 1645

Helgason, Jón: burned in Barðastrandarsýsla county in the Westfjords, Iceland in 1678

Henot, Katharina: burned alive in Cologne, Germany, 1627

Henry III, King of France: assassinated on 1 August, 1589

Hempstead, Nicholas: of Creeting; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England ca 1645

Hewitt, Katherine: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Hezensohn, Joachim: beheaded at Waldsee, Germany, in 1557

Hibbins, Anne: hanged in Boston, Massachusetts on 19 June, 1656

Hirsch, Nicodemus: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hocket, Marian: hanged at Ramsey, England ca 1645

Hoecker, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hofmann, Lorenz: executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Hoffmann, Rochus: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Hoffmann, (daughter, first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Hoffmann, (daughter, first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Hofschmidt, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Holt, Jane: executed at Faversham, Kent, England, on 29 Sept. 1645

Holtzmann, Stoffel: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hofseiler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Hoppo, (first name unknown): executed in Germany in 1599

Dr. Horn (first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1630

Horn (wife, first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1630

Horn (daughter, first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1630

Horne, Janet of Dornoch: burned as a witch in Ross-shire (Scotland), June 1722

Horvat Pozirak, Barbara: died in prison at Varazdin, Croatia 1717

How, Elizabeth: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 July, 1692

Howard, Bridget: of Great Yarmouth; hanged in England ca 1647

Hoyd, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 24 November, 1586

Huebmeyer, Barbara: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 11 September, 1589

Huebmeyer, Appela: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 11 September, 1589

Hunt, Joan: hanged in Middlesex, England in 1615

Hunter, Alexander: burned at Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1629

Hussin, Juraimi : executed in Maylasia, 2 November, 2001

Huter (first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Huxley, Catherine: hanged at Worcester, England in the summer of 1652

 

I

 

 

Isel, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 7 November, 1586

Isolin, Madlen: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 6 July, 1581

 

J

 

 

Jacobs, George: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 August, 1692

Jongolo, Sola: beaten to death at Maili Tano village, Mbeya region of southern Tanzania, 9 April, 2001

Jelena (wife of Petor): burned at Gric, Croatia 1486

Jenkenson, Helen: executed in Northhampton, England, on 22 July, 1612

Jennin, (first name unknown): burned at Cambrai, France, in 1460

Jeretska, Neska: burned near Uskocke Gore, Croatia 1696

Johnson, Mary : executed at Hartford, Connecticut on 6 June, 1650

Jollie, Alison: executed in Scotland, in October, 1596

Jones, Katherine: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

Jones, Margaret: executed in Charlestown, North America, on 15 June, 1648

Jónsson, Grímur: burned in Trékyllisvík, Strandir, Iceland in 1654

Jónsson sr., Jón: burned in Ísafjörður, Iceland in 1656

Jónsson jr., Jón: burned in Ísafjörður, Iceland in 1656

Jónsson, Sigurður: burned in Þingvellir, Iceland in 1671

Jordemaine, Margery: burned at Smithfield, England, on 27 October, 1441

Jost, Vitus: executed in Paderborn, Germany, 1658

Jugovec, Ana: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Jugovic, Ursula, of Kranj: burned, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

Junius, Johannes: of Bamberg, executed as a witch, on 6 August, 1628

Jung, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Jurinic, Jelena: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

 

K

 

 

Kalopanjka, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Kanzler (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Karlovcic, Marica: burned at Kaptol, Croatia 1743

Kasic (mother): burned at Zagreb, Croatia 1660

Kasic (older daughter): burned at Zagreb, Croatia 1660

Kavnicijan, Kata: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1585

Kempe, Ursula: executed in St. Osyth, England in 1582

Kent, Margaret: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Kerke, Anne: executed at Tyburn, England, in 1599

Kerznar, Mara: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Khawuta, Zamabhengu : burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Kirstin, 78 years, mother-in-law of Håkan Vacktknekt: beheaded and burned Gävle, Sweden 6 March 1675

Kleiss, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 30 October, 1586

Klenovac, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Kless, Catharina: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 12 June, 1587

Klostermueller, Agnes: executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Knertz, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Knobelbart, Hans: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Knor, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Knott, Elizabeth: hanged at St. Albans, England, in 1649

Kolar, Katarina: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Kolarek, Ana: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Korenika, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Kos, Jelena: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Kos Celica, Kata: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Koskovic, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Kramaric, Bara: burned at Kaptol, Croatia 1699

Kramer, Philipp: executed in Mainz, Germany, 1627

Kramerin, Schelmerey: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Kruzic Zupanic, Barbara: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Krznar, Margareta: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Kuetsch, Lorenz: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Kuetsch, Elisabeth (mother): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Kuhn (Bäcker-Margreth), Margarethe : executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Kuhnlin, Elsa: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1518

Kuler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Kuljanka, Margareta: burned at Gric, Croatia 1733

Kurzhals, Barbara: executed in Reichertshofen, Germany, 1626

Kusenka, Jelica: burned at Gric, Croatia 1715

 

L

 

 

Lachenmeyer, Waldburg: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 5 July, 1585

Lagenka, Dora: burned at Ozalj, Croatia 1694

deLarue, (first name unknown): burned at Rouen, in 1540

Landish, Margaret: hanged at St. Osyth, Essex, England ca 1645

Laubbach (wife): executed at Eichstatt, Germany, in 1597

Lauder, Margaret: burned in Scotland in 1643

Lake, Alice: executed at Boston, MA (?) ca. 1651

Lakeland, Joan: of St. Stephens, Ipswich; burned at Ipswich, Suffolk, England on 9 September 1645.

Lamb, Dr.: stoned to death by a mob at St. Paul’s Cross, London, England, in 1640

Lambrecht, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Lang, Beatrix: died in Pittenweem, Scotland in 1704

Leach (or Leech), Anne: hanged together with 17 Suffolk witches on 27 August 1645

Leclerc, (no first name given): condemned for witchcraft, in France 1615

Lee, Dorothey: of Kings Lynn; hanged in England ca 1647

Leger, (no first name given): condemmned for witchcraft in France, on 6 May, 1616

Legin, Margarethe: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Lemp, Rebecca: executed in Nordlingen, Germany, on 9 Sept. 1590

Leschier, Heinrich and Maria: executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Leyis, Thomas: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Liebler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Liebler, (daughter, first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Leifsson, Jón: burned in Barðastrandarsýsla in the Westfjords, Iceland in 1669

Linstead, Jane: of Halesworth; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Lloyd, Temperance: hanged at Bideford (Heavitree), England, 25 August, 1682

Loncaric, Matja (male): burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Longin, Magdalena: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1699

Lopez, Diego Hernandez: and three others, shot at San Cristobal de Las Casas, Mexico, on 15 September, 2002

Lopez, Kathleen: stabbed 60 times and beheaded, at Santa Fe, N. Mex, USA, Oct. 2000

Louis, (first name unknown): executed at Suffolk, England, in 1646

Lowes, John: Vicar of Brandeston; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Lutz, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

 

M

 

 

Macalzean, Euphemia: strangled and burned in Scotland for witchcraft, on 25 June, 1591

MacEwen, Elspeth: Kirkcudbright Prison in Scotland, 1698

Mader, Elisabeth: executed in Coburg, Germany, 1629

Majhanovic, Doroteja: burned at Gric, Croatia 1651

Mamabolo, Madeleine: Segopye Village near Pietersburg in Northern Province, South Africa, murdered in June, 1999

Man, Andro: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Manseneé, Desle la: executed at Anjux, France on 18 Dec. 1529

Manzayiwa, Tomi: murdered in Umtata, South Africa, 19 December, 1998

Margareta (mother): burned at Gric, Croatia 1429

Marica of Zagreb: burned at Gric, Croatia 1444

Marigny, Enguerrand de: hanged in France in 1315

Marguerite, (last name unknown): burned at Paris, France, in 1586

Mark, Bernhard: burned alive at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Martin, Marie: executed in France, in 1586

Martin, Susannah: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 July, 1692

Martyn, Anne: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Matkovic, Magda: burned, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

Maquixtle, Eduardo Quiahua: murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Maquixtle, Andrea, (wife) : murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Maquixtle, (child 1): murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Maquixtle, (child 2): murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Maquixtle, (child 3): murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Maquixtle, (child 4): murdered at Vicente Guererro, Mexico, 1996

Mauter, Margarethe: executed in Nürnberg, Germany, 1659

Mayer, Christina: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 October, 1586

Mayers, Bridget: died in jail Holland, Essex, England ca 1648

Mazelier, Hanchemand de: arrested at Neuchatel, Germany 1439

Meath, Petronilla de: burned as a witch, the first such burning in Ireland, on 3 November, 1324

Medovic, Helena: burned at Gric, Croatia 1698

(last name unknown), Meggs: a baker of Norwich, England (year unknown, but in 1640s)

Mehanovic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Metzler, Elisabeth : executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Meurer, Katharina : executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Meyer, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Mikinka, Jelena: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Milos Kiseljak, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Minheric, Ana: burned at Gric, Croatia 1743

Minota, Mitiku: executed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for murder, 1999

Mirot, Dominic: burned at Paris, France, in 1586

Mkambano, Joseph: stoned to death on Montina farm, in Duiwelskloof, Northern Province, South Africa, 8 August, 1999

Molland, Alice: executed at Exeter, England, 1684

Moone, Margaret: died on the way to execution at Thorpe-le-Soken, Essex, England ca 1645

Moore (First Name Unknown): of Sutton; hanged in Cambridgeshire, England 1647

Morin (first name unknown): burned at Rouen, in 1540

Morris, Rebecca: married woman of Chattisham; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August, 1645.

Mossau, Renata von: beheaded and burned in Bavaria, Germany, on 21 June, 1749

Mraz, Magdalena: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Mudic Trumbetas, Dora: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Mueller, Anna Maria: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1627

Mullerin, Elsbet: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1531

Munda, Sohraj (husband, 60): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda, Jaitadi (wife, 55): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (son): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (son): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (son): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (son): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (daughter): killed in India ca. 1995

Munda (daughter): killed in India ca. 1995

Mundie, Beatrice: tried for witchcraft in Inverkiething, Scotland 1621

Muzek Krapac, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

 

N

 

 

Narcic, Dora: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Nathan, Abraham: executed at Haeck, Germany, on 24 September, 1772

Neidecker (first name unknown): executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1630

Neepudi: axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997

Agaramanao Devi (daughter, 10): axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997)

Malati (daughter, 8): axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997

Lalita (daughter, 6): axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997

Kuldip (son, 4): axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997

Dilip (son, 2): axed to death in Mandwa village of Palamau district, Bihar, India Sept. 1997

Negovec, Helena: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Newell, John: executed at Barnett, England, on 1 December, 1595

Newell, Joane: executed at Barnett, England, on 1 December, 1595

Newman, Elizabeth: executed at Whitechapel, England in 1653

Nilsson, Lars: burned alive at Norrvasterbyn, Arjeplog, Sweden in the spring of 1693

Noeth, Lorenz: executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Norsic, Marija: burned at Samobor, Croatia 1741

Nottingham, John of: died in custody, Coventry, England, 1324

Novak, Ana: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Ntele, Anna: beaten to death, South Africa, February 1998

Ntleki, Aphiwe (child): burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Ntleki, Lihle (child): burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Ntleki, Madinda : burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Ntleki, Zamabhala (child): burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Ntleki, Zisanda (child): burned to death at Balasi, Eastern Pondoland, S.A. in January 1999

Nurse, Rebecca: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 July, 1692

Nutter, Alice: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

 

O

 

 

Oddsson, Páll: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1674

Ólafsdóttir, Þuríður: burned in Barðastrandarsýsla county in the Westfjords, Iceland in 1678

Og, Margrat: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Oige, Issobell: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Oliver, Mary: burned at Norwich, England, in 1658

Orchard, (first name unknown): executed at Salisbury, England, in 1658

Osborne, (wife) Ruth: killed by a mob at Tring, Herefordshire, England, on 22 April, 1750

Osburne, Sarah: died in prison at Boston, Massachusetts, 10 May, 1692

Osefic, Doroteja: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1699

Oswald, Catherine: burned in Scotland in 1670

 

P

 

 

Paeffin, Elsa: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1518

Pajot, Marguerite: executed at Tonnerre, France, in 1576

Pálsson, Ari: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1681

Pappenheimer, Anna (mother ): executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Pappenheimer, Gumprecht: executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Pappenheimer, Paulus: executed in Munich, Germany, 1600

Paris, (first name unknown): hanged at St. Andrews, Scotland, in 1569

Parker, Alice: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Parker, Mary: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Palmer, John: hanged at St. Albans, England, in 1649

Pannel, Mary: executed in Yorkshire, England, in 1603

Paukovic, Anica: burned at Cepin, Croatia 1748

Pearson, Alison: burned in Scotland on 28 May, 1588

Peebles, Marion: burned in Scotland in 1643

Perusic, Barbara: died in prison, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

Peterson, Joan: hanged at Tyburn, England, on 12 April, 1652

Petersson, Elisabeth: wife of Erik, beheaded and burned Gävle, Sweden 6 March 1675

Petrusevka, Bara: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1749

Pavlekovic Piticek, Kata: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Philipps, Mary: Northamtonshire, England, executed on 17 March 1705

Pichler, Emerenziana: burned at Defereggen, Germany, on 25 September, 1680

Pichler, (name unknown, son of Emerenziana, aged 12): burned at Defereggen, Germany, on 27 September, 1680

Pichler, (name unknown, son of Emerenziana, aged 14): burned at Defereggen, Germany, on 27 September, 1680

de la Plaine, Sylvanie: burned at Pays de Labourde, France, 1616

Uppala Pochaiah, (70 years old): beaten to death at Kothapalli village, India on November 8, 2000.

Pogledic, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Poiret, (first name unknown): burned at Nancy, France, in 1620

Pomp, Anna: executed at Lindheim, Germany, in 1633

Pöppel, Hans : executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany.

Porte, Vidal de la: condemned at Riom, France, in 1597

Powle, (first name unknown): executed at Durham, England, in 1652

Pradhan: beaten unconscious and then thrown on a burning funeral pyre, Phulbani, Orissa, India, November 1998

Prentice, Joan: hanged in Chelmsford, England, in 1589

Preston, Jennet: executed in York, England, in 1612

Pringle, Margaret: burned in Scotland in 1680

Procter, John: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 August, 1692

Prpric, Katarina: burned at Varazdinske Toplice, Croatia 1699

Pszk Mihanovic, Barbara: burned at Kaptol, Croatia 1743

Ptickovica, Jelica: burned at Gric, Croatia 1743

Pucko, Agata: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Pudeator, Anne: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

 

Q

 

 

Qamza, Hlanjiwe: burned to death at Ludeke near Bizana, S.A. in January 1999

Quattrino, Dominic: burned at Mesolcina, Italy, in 1583

 

R

 

 

Raab (first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Rais, Gilles de: on charges of witchcraft, executed 26 October, 1440

Rahman, Mohamed Affandi Abdul : executed in Maylasia, 2 November, 2001

Ratkaj, Katarina: burned at Belska zupa, Croatia 1742

Rattray, George: executed in Spott, Scotland, in 1705

Rattray, Lachlan: executed in Spott, Scotland, in 1705

Rauffains, Catharina: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 7 November, 1586

Reade, Mary: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Redfearne, Anne: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Reed, Wilmot: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Reid, Christen: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Reich, Maria: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 5 July, 1585

Reichard, Johann: executed in Eichstaett, Germany, 1626

Reid, John: hanged himself in prison, in Scotland, in 1697

Reoch, Elspeth: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

Reuneg, Anna : executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Reuneg, Else : executed in the summer of l663, Lindheim, Germany

Reuneg, Johann: executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Reuneg, Katharina : executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Reuneg, Philipp: executed on March 1, l664, Lindheim, Germany

Richel (first name and date unknown): Eichstaett, Germany

Richie, Issobell: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Rinder, Anna: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Rivet, Janet: of Copdock; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1647.

Robey, Isobel: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Robson, Donald: executed at North Berwick, England in 1590

Rodier, Catala: burned alive at Carcassone, France, in 1335

Rodier, Paul: burned alive at Carcassone, France, in 1335

Rogie, Helen: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Rögnvaldsson, Jón: burned in Eyjafjörður, north Iceland, 1625

Rohrfelder, Margaret: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 24 August, 1585

Rosch, Maria: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 6 July, 1581

Rosseau, (father, no first name given): of France, accused of witchcraft on 2 October 1593

Rosseau, (daughter, no name given): of France, accused of witchcraft on 2 October 1593

Rosslein, Martine: executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Roulet, Jacques: burned alive for being a were-wolf, at Angiers, France, in 1597

Rudinovic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Rue, Abel de la: of Coulommiers, France, accused of witchcraft on 20 July, 1592

Rueger, Christophorus: executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Ruethsin, Anna: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

de Ruilly, Macette: burned alive at the Pig Market in Paris on 19 August, 1391

Rullmann, ( first name unknown, the wife of Friedrich): executed on March 1, l664, Lindheim, Germany

Rum, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Russel, Alice: killed by a mob at Great Paxton, England, 20 May, 1808

Rutchser, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Rutter, Elizabeth: hanged in Middlesex, England in 1616

 

S

 

 

Sabina, Benita: killed as a witch in Alfajayucan, Mexico, September 8, 1956.

Sailler, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 24 August, 1585

Sampsoune, Agnes: tried, strangled, and burnt for a witch in Scotland 1591

Samuels, (family: 1 of 3): condemned for witchcraft in Warboys, England, on 4 April, 1593

Samuels, (family: 2 of 3): condemned for witchcraft in Warboys, England, on 4 April, 1593

Samuels, (family: 3 of 3): condemned for witchcraft in Warboys, England, on 4 April, 1593

Sawyer, Elizabeth: hanged at Tyburn, England, on 19 April, 1621

Scharber, Elsbeth: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1581

Schneider, Felicitas: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 March, 1586

Schnelling, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 11 September, 1589

Schröck, Anna: executed at Herb (Hohenberg), Germany in 1581

Schüler, Martha: burned at Lindheim, Germany, 23 February, 1664

Schutz, Babel: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schwaegel, Anna Maria: beheaded at Kempten, Germany, on 11 April, 1775

Schwartz, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schenck, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schellhar, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schickelte, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schneider, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schneider, Margarethe (wife of Andreas): executed on June 12, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Schneider, Margarethe (wife of Hans): executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Schleipner, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Schuler, (first name not known): burned at Lindheim, Germany on 23 February, 1663

Schultheiss, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 March, 1586

Schwaegel, Anna Maria: beheaded in Germany on 11 April, 1775

Schwarz, Eva: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1581

Schwarz, (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Dr. Schweygel: executed in Cologne, Germany, 1637

Schwerdt, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Scott, Margaret: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Scottie, Agnes: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

Sechelle, (first name unknown): burned at Paris, France, in 1586

Seiler, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Serck (first name unknown): executed in Derneburg, Obergrombach, Germany, 1555

Tikambai Sahu: Killed by a mob, Nagpur, India, 27 June, 2000

Shaw, Elinor: Northamtonshire, England, executed on 17 March 1705

Shultz (infant), (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Silberhans, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Sinecka, Helena: burned at Samobor, Croatia 1741

Sipusic Ledar, Dora: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Sirkovic, Ana: burned at Gric, Croatia 1704

Skipper, Mary: of Copdock; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Skovranka, Dora: burned, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

Smith, Mary: of Glemham; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Smith, Mary: hanged at King’s Lynn, England, in 1616

Smith, Tempest: 12 years old, suicided at Lincoln Park, Michigan, USA on 20 February 2001

Sørensdatter, Kirsti: condemned to the stake at Vardøhus Fortress, Denmark, April 1621

Sparham, Margery: of Mendham; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Spaldarg, Jonet: executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Spindler, Sarah: of Halesworth; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27 August 1645.

Stadlin, (first name unknown): executed in Germany in 1599

Steffen: (town and last name unknown) Westphalia, Germany 1617

Steicher, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Steinacher, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stepper, (first name unknown): executed at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Steward, William: hanged at St. Andrews, Scotland, in 1569

Stewart, Christian: strangled and burned in Scotland, in November, 1596

Stolzberger, (son) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stolzberger, (wife) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stolzberger, (granddaughter) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Strigaric, Barbara: burned at Varazdin, Croatia 1718

Stubb, Peter: executed as a werewolf near Cologne, Germany, in 1589

Stuber, Laurence: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stuell(?), Gertrud (of Klaferd in the Oberholzklau Parish): burned at the stake in Alchen, Gemany,1590

Sturmer, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Style, Elizabeth: died in prison, at Taunton, England, in 1664

Steinbach, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stier, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Stadelmann, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 7 November, 1586

Sutton (mother) (first name unknown): executed in Bedford, England in 1613

Sutton, Mary: executed in Bedford, England in 1613

Sveinsson, Þorbjörn: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1677

 

T

 

 

Thausser, Simon: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1518

Thausser (wife of Simon, no name given): burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1518

Þorsteinsson, Böðvar: burned at Þingvellir, Iceland in 1674

Thompson, Annaple: burned in Scotland in 1680

Tod, Christian: executed at North Berwick, England in 1590

Tod, Beigis: burned at Lang Nydrie, Scotland, on 27 May, 1608

Tooly, Katherine: of Westleton; hanged at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England 27th August 1645

Topolca, Dora: burned at Varazdin, Croatia 1718

Townsend, Amey : mob violence, St. Albans, England, 08 January, 1700

Trajo, Christina: killed as a witch in Alfajayucan, Mexico, September 8, 1956.

Treher, Anna: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 5 July, 1585

Trembles, Mary: hanged at Bideford (Heavitree), England, 25 August, 1682

Trois-Echelles (pseud.): executed at Paris, France, in 1571 (or 1574)

Tucman, Helena: burned, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

Tungerslieber, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Turner, Ann: murdered in England, in 1875

 

U

 

 

Uhlmer, Barbara: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 24 August, 1585

Upney, Joan: hanged in Chelsford, England, in 1589

Uppala Pochaiah, (70 years old): beaten to death at Kothapalli village, India on November 8, 2000

Ursula, the shoemaker’s daughter: burned at Gric, Croatia 1496

Utley, (first name unknown): hanged at Lancaster, England, in 1630

Uvasic Drapuska, Marija: burned, Zagreb district, Croatia 1746

 

V

 

 

Valee, Melchoir de la: burned at Nancy, France, in 1631

Vallin, Pierre: executed in France, in 1438

Valkenburger, (daughter) (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Vaecker, Paul: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

la Valle, Gracia: burned in Saragossa. First execution of a witch in Spain, in 1498.

de Varens, Louis: burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Velek, Elizabeta: burned at Varazdin, Croatia 1712

Vidmar, Margareta: burned at Varazdin, Croatia 1709

Vickar, Bessie: burned in Scotland in 1680

Dame Vigoureux: burned alive in Place de Greve, Paris in 1682

Visirer (first name unknown): executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Vlahovic, Marareta: died under torture at Stubica, Croatia 1746

Vogicek, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Vucic, Margareta: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1734

Vukovic, Ladesic, Barbara: burned at Turopolje, Croatia 1733

Vugrinec, Marijana: burned in Zagrebacka zupanija, Croatia 1751

Vuil, Daniel: executed in Beaufort, Canada, in 1662

 

W

 

 

Wachin, Ursula: burned at Waldsee, Germany, in 1528

Wagner, Michael: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Wagner, (first name unknown): burnt alive at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Wallace, Margaret: executed in Glascow, Scotland, in 1622

Wardwell, Samuel: executed at Salem, New England, on 22 September, 1692

Wasser, Friedrich: executed in Würzburg, Germany, 1627 – 29

Waterhouse, Agnes: executed in Chelmsford, England, 29 July, 1566

Waterhouse, (first name unknown): hanged in Dorset, England in 1565 (may be Agnes Waterhouse)

Waters, Dorothy: died in jail of plague at Clacton, Essex, England February 1647

Wanderson, (wife 1) (first name unknown): executed in England, in January, 1644.

Wanderson, (wife 2) (first name unknown): executed in England, in January, 1644.

Weber, Katharina: executed on August 25, l663, Lindheim, Germany

Weir, Thomas: burned between Edinburgh and Leith, Scotland, on 11 April, 1670

Weiss, Agatha: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 9 October, 1586

Went(e), Susanna: died in jail of plague at Langham, Essex, England April 1646

West, Anne: of Lawford, Essex – hanged (probably at Manningtree, England) ca 1645

Weydenbusch, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Whittle, Anne: executed in Lancaster, England, in 1612

Wildes, Sarah: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 July, 1692

Willard, John: executed at Salem, New England, on 19 August, 1692

Williford, Joan: executed at Faversham, Kent, England, on 29 Sept. 1645

Willimot, Joan: executed in Leicester, England, in 1619

Wilson, Anne: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Wirth, Klingen: beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Wirth, Trauben: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 5 July, 1585

Wisherr, Jonet: (Janet Wishart) executed at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1597

Wright, Grace: of Kings Lynn; hanged in England ca 1647

Wright, Mildred: hanged at Maidstone, England, in July, 1652

Wuncil, Brigida: burned at Waldsee, Germany, on 6 July, 1581

Wunth, (first name unknown): beheaded at Würzburg, Germany, 1628-1629

Wyles (or Wiles), Mary: hanged at Great Clacton, Essex, England ca 1647

 

X

 

Y

 

 

Younge, Alse : (Alice Young) hanged in Connecticut, North America, on 26 May, 1647

Yullock, Agnes: burned in the north of Scotland in 1622

 

Z

 

 

Zeritsch, Veronika: age 13, executed in Landshut, Germany, 1756

Ziegler, Barbara: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Ziegler, Endres: executed in Bamberg, Germany, 1617

Zobay, Margareta: burned at Gric, Croatia 1486

 

This document is © copyright

 

Originally posted 2011-06-07 19:58:20. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

Candle craft, whether Wicca or witch, is an extremely powerful form of spell casting. It is accessible, flexible and easy to fit into most people’s lifestyles. It uses the force of the universal element of fire and brings all of fire’s potent qualities with it – its strength, it’s power to destroy (good for banishing spells) and its ability to shed light into the dark. Here are some tips on how to use candle craft for Wicca, witch spells or even if you are a beginner.

How to Work With Spell Candles

Prepare a quiet space to work in and make sure that you remain undisturbed if possible. Place your candle in its holder and then focus on getting yourself into the right frame of mind for casting. I use meditation for this purpose but a long soak in a scented bath can also work wonders! When you feel relaxed and totally open you are ready to begin.

Concentrate on the flame and watch the way the way it flickers. Become absorbed in every part of it. You will then be ready to read out your prepared spell if you have one. If not, you can simply repeat what you wish to occur over in your mind or out loud and visualise it really happening. This will build energies and start to give you a feel for what is possible for you to achieve.

How to Prepare a Spell Candle

Spell candles can be anointed in a special oil that will add to the potency of your spell. These are available to buy and all you need do is dress the candle with the oil before you start your work. You can also roll your candle in some herbs after anointing so seek out which herbs are relevant to the affect you wish to achieve.

Candle craft for Wicca or witch casters can also include inscribing your candle with symbols or words that strengthen the message. If it is a love spell for example, you may wish to draw a love heart.

Banishing Spells with Candles

The destructive power of fire can be harnessed for good use and used to perform banishing spells. If you need to target negativity in your life then this is just what you need. It can be aimed at feelings, a place or even a particular person if you feel they are sending you bad energies but do not attempt to send the energy back to them. It should not be about revenge but about making room in your life for the positive again.

Prepare some personal words to read as you sit in front of the candle, if you wish. Then blow the candle out and watch as the smoke carries the negative energies up and away from you and your life.

A Candle Spell Ritual

If you do not have the time to experience the whole candle in one go this does not prevent you from getting all of the power from your spell candle. In fact it can be very beneficial to make a ritual out of it and perform your spell over a week. Choose the same time every evening if you can and this will help to really build the atmosphere. Your energies will be fresh as you are doing this in short bursts and you will also be building extra energy as you will be thinking about your spell all week.

I hope you can see that there is something for everyone in the candle spell. It is the perfect way to get started in some simple spells and a lot of fun too. The candle craft of Wicca and witch casters of course can be a lot more complex but I doubt many resist the temptation to return occasionally to enjoy such perfect simplicity!

If you would like to know more about Wicca and witchcraft, get free spells and useful tips, please visit my blog http://frans-free-spells.blogspot.com/

Blessings,

Francesca
xx

Author: Francesca Ashcroft
Article Source: EzineArticles.com
Alternative energy

Originally posted 2011-07-15 12:00:02. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

The Burning Time is that period in history where women and men where persecuted and killed under Christian Church doctrine as witches or heratics.

This all started with Pope John XXII formalized the persecution of witchcraft in 1320 when he authorized the Inquisition to prosecute sorcerors. This was increased in 1484 when Pope Innocent VIII issued Summis desiderantes affectibus, a Papal bull authorizing two inquisitors, Kramer and Sprenger, to systemize the persecution of witches.

Has the hysteria increased and inquisitors starting being paid for every witch that confessed the ways of extracting a confession increased some of the more vicious included pulling bones from sockets twisting the muscle and pushing the bone backing to the socket or having brimstone/sulphur rubbed in to pubic and head hair and igniting it.

Any one could be accused of being a witch, most where accuse due to jealousy, fear or because they had argued with someone.

Once accused a person would be tested to see if they where a witch. The test would be :-

Dunking – The witch would be tied to a contraption known as a dunking stool, which would then be lowered into a fast flowing river, lake or large water container (usually blessed), to see if they would float. If able to float, then the accused was possessed with the ‘Spirit of Satan’ and ergo, a witch. Questions of whether clothing had filled with air and formed a convenient buoyancy aid were usually dismissed out of hand. If, however, the ‘witch’ drowned or died of hypothermia, they had obviously not been under Satan’s protective watch, and were therefore innocent. Unfortunately for the person concerned, they were also dead, so it all ceased to be of relevance.

Scales of Justice – An alternative trial was often to weigh the accused against a copy of the Holy Bible. If heavier than the book, the accused was being pulled down by the weight of the ‘Spirit of Satan’, and therefore a witch. If however, the good book proved the weightier, the person was not a witch and was free to go. Again questions of simple physics were discarded as irrelevant. Variations of this method were used, including weighing the witch against other holy relics, or indeed any object that was undoubtedly lighter than the accused.

Pricking the Flesh – This involved finding a mark of Satan upon the accused, usually a mole, wart, scar, skin blemish, birthmark or even third nipple. Once found, an accuser would push a knife or needle into the irregularity. If the wound drew blood, the ‘witch’ was innocent of the charge. If, however, no blood flowed from the wound, allegiance with the Devil was assumed. This test worked fairly well for the innocent, until some accusers found that a false knife, sleight of hand or even knowing places on the body where a needle could be inserted without pain or blood loss when ‘pricking the flesh’ could produce a more desired effect. The discovery of a witch!

Burning at the Stake – Self-explanatory really. The accused was tied to a stake and set fire to. If the witch survived the smoke and flames (highly unlikely), they were said to be in league with the Devil and able to endure the flames of Hell and thus taken from the flames and hanged. If they burnt to death however, they were innocent of the crime of being a witch. Burning was also the preferred way of disposing of a discovered witch, as it meant that holy ground was not tainted with a witch corpse.

There is an estimated that around 5 million people died due to the witch trials. In one Forfar Scotland it was recorded that 22 women where killed and as an acknowledgement of these women Mark and Marie Cashley who were shocked to find out how the often widowed or impoverished women were targeted, tormented and killed in the quiet, Angus market town of Forfar as recently as the 17th century.

Mark and Marie where even more shocked when they found out that there was no memorial or anything to give their deaths meaning.

So they have had constructed a dry stone “cauldron” and had it placed close to a public park popular with dog walkers, and commissioned a stonemason to construct a memorial stone in memory of the witches.

The memorial stone is simply dedicated to the “Forfar Witches”, and features 22 dots that represent each of the women who were killed for the “abominable crime of witchcraft.” At the bottom, the legend reads, “Just people”.

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Originally posted 2011-05-19 09:33:06. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

Many neo pagan paths will use tools as part of their ritual work. Pagan ritual tools can be bought or made, although the majority of pagan tools will require a high degree of skill to construct.

Although no witch or pagan needs tools to perform magicks, cast spells or for ritual work it is nice to have them. But what should you buy and for what reason, below is a list of pagan and craft tools, I have separated the tools in to primary, secondary and tertiary craft tools

Primary tools of the craft

These tools are use in a majority of neo pagan paths and are common tools of the craft.

The Athame

The Athame (pronounced ah-thah-may) is a double-sided dagger with either a straight or flame shaped blade with a black handle. The blade is blunt so it does not accidentally cut someone, if Athame blade comes in contact with blood would render it useless and polluted. The Athame is never used to cut only to direct energy and is used in casting a circle.

The Athame is associated with the East and Air or South and Fire depending on which pagan path you follow. The Athame is also associated with the Male deity due to it phallic shape and is often used in conjunction with the Chalice and cauldron to symbolise the union of the god and goddess.

Besom Or Bossume

The traditional witches broom use to sweep away negativity and is used in Handfasting ceremonies witches are often depicted flying on a besom, The Besom is constructed from bundle of birch twigs, a staff of ash or oak, and a binding made from willow wands and is associated with the west and water.

Book of shadows

This is a book were possible leather bound and hand made but normally a large book containing rituals, spells, recipes, tables of correspondences and notes it possible to find that the contents may have been written in a magickal language such as runes or Theban. Their are coven Books of shadows and indervidual books of shadows

The Cauldron.

The cauldron has many uses within neo pagan paths and witchcraft; it is used for cooking, potions and food, scying, spell work. The cauldron is a three-footed pot with lid that comes in a range of sizes from tiny to mammoth size.

The cauldron is associated to the goddess and is seen a womb and a grave and places of hidden mysteries. The cauldron is associated with the west and water but can be used with any element with out conflict as the cauldron can be placed on earth or in fire filled with water when heat creates steam (air).

The censer

The censer is used to burn the incense that is often offered to the Deities, as well as being used to invoke the spirits of the Air, the Sylphs and Faery. The censer can be swinging brass burner or a few incense sticks held together and by wafting will become a censer.

The censer is a tool of the element Air.

Cup or Chalice

The Cup or Chalice is closely associated with the cauldron and is often called a bowl and is used to contain salt water, or wine for libation. The cup, chalice or bowl is normally made from brass, animal horn, crystal, glass or ceramic; some paths may have one Chalice for libation and other Cups (bowls) on an altar.

The Chalice represents the goddess and the west and water and is often used in conjunction with the Athame to symbolise the union of the goddess and goddess.

Cord Or Cingulum

The cord is used in some initiation rituals to bind the applicant; the cord is also used to mark out the circumference of a circle.

The Pentagram

The symbol of the pentagram is often worn a jewellery, engrave and printed on fabrics or ornaments and tools of the craft. The pentagram is also used as an altar plate where spells are constructed or offerings are places. The pentagram is associated with the goddess and the direction north and earth but can be associated with any element depending on the way it has be cast.

Wand

Often used as a replacement or alternative to the Athame wands can be made from wood or metal and it is possible to have more than one wand as wand can be created for specific purposes.

The wand is associated with the god and depending on tradition is either associated with the south and fire or east and air.

Secondary tools of the craft

The secondary tools are important but are not used in all pagan paths they are often associated or akin to primary tools.

Bells

The bell is often use to symbolise a beginning or completion or used as a source of vibration to help add energy to your working associated with east and air.

Candles

Although no ritual seems to be complete with out candle light candles are used in ritual as symbols or representations of the elements, the deities a person or for spell work. Candles are associated with the south and fire but the corresponding colours can be used to invoke other associations.

The Staff

Basically a staff, is a big wand and has the same associations and uses but it can also be used as a symbol of leadership.

The Sword

The Sword is a big Athame with the same association and is used in the same way and can be used as a symbol of leader ship.

Tertiary tools of the craft

The tools of the craft are not required for every ritual but no doubt every pagan and witch will have most if not all of these items.

Burin Or Bolline

A minor tool, a white hilted knife, is used for cutting herbs and any other use save magickal ritual in which the Athame is implemented. Many paths differ on the need for the Burin. Gardnerian Wicca absolutely forbids the use of the Athame for any purpose other than rituals. Seax-Wica on the other hand finds no need for it. It is a tool either abandoned or accepted by the various paths.

Crystals

Crystals use as altar decorations offerings used in spell work and healings.

Divination tools

Divination tools, such as runes, tarot cards, crystal balls used in spell work and affirmation

Herbs

Herbs used in incense as offerings in spell working and healing.

Poppets

Poppets or effigies these are either cloth or made from wax and are used in healing and spell work.

Sigils of the craft

symbols and charms and talismans used in jewellery, spell work healing and ritual works the most common Sigel is the pentagram.

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Originally posted 2010-08-24 11:59:06. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

I am not sure when magicks where broken down in to black or white magicks and tell the truth I am not that interested as it seem to polarise magicks in to good and bad magicks.
Magicks by its self is a neutral tool and with any tool it can be used for any purpose. Magicks can as easliy be turned in to a weapons just as any tool can.
I think we colour magicks to give ourselfs the right to do what we want.
The idea that white magicks is pure and that black magicks are negative is such a stupid idea for those who have studied magicks and witchcraft. If we look at magicks, as a symbol the yin-yang is magick, on the white side there is a black dot and on the black side there is a white spot.
Even magick done for the purest of reasons will cause some harm, as magicks done for the darkest of reason will create some good. Anyone who understands the most basic principles of the hermitic rules will see that even on an atomic level the use of magick will always contain some unwanted result.
The one thing we must bare in mind with magicks and the unseen effects and consequences created from the use of spells. When i first started I would use magicks like their where no limited and it was free, and yes they are no limited but they are not free – with time everyone learns that lesson.
Magicks shold not be seen as black and white rather more as gray , ranging from very light to very dark. the lighter the grey the closer to spirit, the darker the grey the closer to darker human needs.. The use of magick to help others falls somewhere around the middle often in the darker greys.
I have a strong belief in karma and belief now! That magicks should not be used on against or for someone unless you are willing to understand that YOUR actions can and will have an effect.
I am not saying that you should give up magicks they are an important part of witchcraft and neo pagan paths and a great aid to personal and spiritual development I just feel that we need to not be reliant on magicks to solve problems. I have know many many witches and neo pagans in my life many of whom use magicks like it was going out of fashion, Someone is sick let do a healing spell, someone needs money let do a wealth spell what ever the problem the wand is out without forethought to the reasons the person is having these difficulties.
If someone is sick let look at the reasons why they are sick, will their illness that they are going through help them will it cause them to change their ways … the likelihood is that their illness will create a change in their life – if you use magicks to improve their health speed healing the lesson that they would of learned could be lost at worse or soften so the changes that they would of made don’t fully happen.
Often causing the person to have a illness that recurs or worse the change that they would of made don’t happen and they end up with something much worse as a result of your interference.
Sometimes the best action a witch can do is to do nothing even know that they have the power to bring about change through magicks. This does two things I allows the witch to see the outcome without magicks and the second and most important thing it teaches that with power come great responsibility know when to wield power is the greatest understanding any person can achieve.
Like all things in life there are times to use magicks and time to use wisdom it is the greatest goal for any witch to gain wisdom and understanding. As with all things wisdom takes a long time gain if you ever do.
Before using magicks think is their another way to solve your problems, is magicks needed or even required. What is the lesson that needs to be learned?

Originally posted 2010-08-15 12:43:28. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

On the 13th day of each month it was traditional to provide a plate of food / offerings to the goddess Hecate. These offerings always presented of a plate and left at cross road a sacred place of the goddess Hecate. The offering would be a plate of food.. It was traditional to cook a meal containing the ingredince that would please the Goddess.
Hecate’s favourite offering would include, Eggs, Fish (or fish roe)(Red mullet taboo in must cults), Garlic, bread stuff, milk cheese, mushrooms, honey and cake. Other less common offering for the Hecate Supper would include household waste the heart of a black lamb, or dog or puppy.
Traditionally the feast or supper is prepared and taken to the cross roads and left at the statue of Hecate Tervia and then you would walk away without looking back, Hecate had many roles and just as many names The Hecate ,Tervia is the goddess of the three roads symbolised by crossroads. The three roads represent birth life and death and related to the midwife aspects of Hecate, her role as protector and goddess of the underworld. The Tervia was all a representation of communications we get the word trivia from Tervia. In Greece it was custom for women from different villages to meet at the Tervia to gossip and share information and news.
The special days for hecate are:- Jan and Aug 31st, Nov 16th & 30 and the day before the new moon any one can show Hecate honour by placing a small offering of food and partitioning for help.
Creating the Hecate Supper
I normal start with a recipe, which contains all or at least the ingredince that Hecate likes. I would then go of to pick or buy the ingredince, (if this is your first time creating a Hecate supper go and buy a small plate* from a charity shop (I suggest that you go to one for animals dogs if possible since the dog is scared to Hecate)).
I would then clean the kitchen and cleanse the space at this point the kitchen becomes off limits to any one else from this point. I would then put some music on and create a scared working space. I would then prepare the ingredince blessing them all and charging them as offerings. Once cooking is underway a glass of wine and clearing up sides and stuff should be cleared away (you should cleanse plate of any negativity wash in salt water then run under cold running water should be enough then bless with wine). Put The offering onplate (do not dish anyone else up) add small roll or bun covered in honey decorate with flowers.
I now I would walk down to crossroads and place plate by the side of the road and walk away not looking back go back and dish up dinner recalling the energy from the kitchen.
Now I have not always lived in the country with a very quite road that is 5 minutes walk from a crossroads so I had to come up with some ways of transporting food to crossroad when I lived in the centre of London the first thing is that the crossroads in London are very busy and you could look like a bit of a nutter putting a plate of dinner by the traffic lights so the first solution is to find a quite crossroads, local parks have paths that crisscross it easy to find a quite fork in the paths this works fine. So the next thing is food transport no matter when you live in a city there is always someone around so walking mile with a plate in your hands is not a comfortable feeling so place in a bag use a small plate even from a child’s tea set.
Visualising the Hecate Supper
When it is not practical to create a supper and get to the crossroads it is possible to visualise a feast on a plate and yourself walking to the crossroads you must remember to leave the feast and return the same way you came without looking back.

* plate size can be any size from child’s tea set size to a small saucer plate should be glass or china not plastic even a small wooden disk will do.

Originally posted 2010-08-13 10:46:35. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

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Originally posted 2010-11-20 06:45:00. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

I have always loved poppets! I’m sure that my first experience of a poppet was from voodoo dolls! The idea of using an effigy for cursing or healing is using a form of sympathetic magick.

Now I am sure that poppets feel out of favour due to the Voodoo doll but poppets have been around for centuries. The word poppet comes from the Middle English popet, meaning a small child or doll. A word still used today as a term of endearment.

The poppet has many uses as they act as a physical representation of a absent person they become linked to the person by visualising and naming but the link can be made stronger by adding something from the person, hair (pubic, chest or armpit hair is better than head hair), nail clippings, fluids (tears, sweat, semen, urine, saliva or blood). Personal items from the subject should be given freely for good magicks or stolen for hexing and cursing.

Since poppets are neutral tools they can be used for positives as well as negatives but remember the rule of three.

Now poppets can be made from a number of substances carved root, grain or corn shafts, a fruit, paper, wax, a potato, clay, branches, or cloth stuffed with herbs although my favourite is cloth as they are easy to make and the amount of effort in creating them seem to be about just right for most spells. For simple spells then drawn on paper works and for complex healing and cursing wax or carving works best.

Now my personal feelings are that you should not use a poppet to cause harm or control another.

Before making a poppet you should decide what time of poppet you will need and gather your ingredince to make it for the purpose of these piece I will show you how to make a cloth poppet and describe a few different uses (healing, love and binding).

For basic poppet you will need

• 2 pieces of cloth (pure natural fabric cotton, calico or silk) (coloured cloth can be used depending on purpose (red for love etc)) cut into basic human form using gingerbread man cutter to get shape.
• Filling – cotton wool
• Wool for hair (yellow for blond etc)
• Coloured pens (felt-tips will do best to have a set just used for ritual / spell work)
• Parchment paper.
• Needle and cotton (colour white or back)*

To make the basic poppet start to stitch the poppet starting on right hand side just above where the ear would be all the way around to the just above the left ear position (thinking of the person that you what the poppet to become). Then turn poppet inside out so seams are hidden then fill with cotton wool. Write the name of the person and purpose on parchment (sigils can be used) fold and place in head. Once filled take some wool for hair and stitch closed the top.

Using felt-tips draw basic feature eyes, nose, mouth and heart (*good embroiders can stitch features in correct colours).

For healing poppets you will need to look up the illness and see what it is and what organs are affected so you can select the correct herbs and colours you may also need to have a copy of greys anatomy (not TV series) so you can draw organs in the correct positions on the poppet. If possible use personal item of person in mix. If a person is experiencing pain you will need some pins or blackthorn needles these need to be inserted into the poppets at the site of pain before poppet is named (the act of removing pins is a sympathetic of removing pain).

For love poppets create the poppet in the same way as basic poppet but increase the size of the heart and cover the eyes before naming and use herbs that invoke the feelings you wish to create. If person is very resistant to being open to love bind the poppet before naming with white ribbon.

For binding you will need a White ribbon or cord to bind the poppet.

The poppet ritual (you will need a draw sting bag large enough for your poppet)

Cast circle in normal way

Call the related deity for your purpose and make a personal dedication.

Spend some time meditating on the person you wish to work on, search your feelings insure that your doing the correct thing.

If you feel that you are doing the correct thing then build your poppet while chanting

<persons name> as I stitch I stitch to you.
as I pull the thread I pull you close
Closer and closer,
Nearer and near
and when I knot you are here.

This is repeated until you are ready to turn inside out and fill.

Place filling in cauldron or bowl including herbs mix well and as you fill chant repeating until filled.

<persons name>  as I fill <insert purpose (healing /love / binding)> to be.

Now add wool hair and stitch closed while chanting

<persons name> as I stitch I stitch to you.
as I pull the thread I pull you close
Closer and closer,
Nearer and near
and when I knot you are here.

Now add features while saying

I give you 2 eyes to see, 1 nose to breath, 1 mouth to speak one heart to feel.

(for healing add organs and pins at this stage in silence)

(for love cover eyes with ribbon)

Once you have completed the poppet you have to name and give it a purpose.

Stand up and face north (or the direction of your gods) place poppet in hand and hold over genitals and say.

I birth this poppet and name it <persons name>

The raise it to your heart and say

I birth this poppet and name it <persons name> and give it purpose

Then raise it to your lips and say

I birth this poppet and name it <persons name> and breath life to it

Then raise it above your head and say

<goddess name> and <god name> see what I have created give it your blessing and let the connection be made.

1.      Healing ritual treat poppet as the person remove the pins and visualise the pain lifting away – direct the healing into the poppet as you would if person was present – ie do a normal healing ritual.

2.      Love remove the ribbon from eyes and say you are now open to look for love and take a knife and cut heart open saying your heart is now open to love and send love energy into poppet.

3.      Binding take cord or ribbon and wrap around poppet chant a binding spell (I like the one from the craft) I wined you I bind you <insert name> so you may do no harm, harm to other or harm to yourself  (repeat 3×3)

At the end place poppet in bag and close and leave their until magick manifests.

Close ritual in normal way.

Once the magick has manifested the poppet has no more use so remove from bag and un name by doing the ritual in reverse and bury or burn poppet ritually 

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Originally posted 2011-04-13 11:29:17. Republished by Blog Post Promoter

The dark moon is the 3-day period just before the new. This is when there is no visual representation on of the moon. During the dark moon many neo pagans will honour a dark moon goddess – Hecate, Kali, Lilith etc.

In neo pagan society the dark moon and the goddess that rule this period are in my mind softened to a major extent making them goddess of birth and death and the underworld often ignoring their darker deeds. May be it because many of the founders of the neo pagan paths wanted to disassociate themselves from the idea that witchcraft could be bad or wicked which ignores a major part of the deities and us. This in my mind dishonours not only the goddess but also us. We all have a dark side ranging from naughty to dam right evil.

The dark moon allows us to explore our darker sides, what are we truly capable of! Not all pagan paths would see this as the right thing, but they all have to accept that darkness is part of our life – we all go through dark times (some in which we get lost in). I was taught that the goddess would as easily embrace her children, as she would devour them.

The idea of devouring a child sound sick and something a goddess would never do but you just need to look at nature to see the answer and before you go its the male of the species we are not looking at territory we are looking that when a female animal gives birth to a sick or deformed animal, it not done to hurt it done to stop pain. As humans we devour our children by over or under protecting them and probably many other ways I am not a parent so can’t embellish.

The darkness that is or visits our life has its ebbs and flows like all things and in many cases you feel alone isolated with no one to turn to. In reality there is support and a way out but you just can’t find it. This is the dark moon you know its their somewhere but it gone your alone the mother moon is no longer smiling on you.

The dark moon should be seen as a time to explore your darkest sides the things you fear the most the dark moon is not a time for doing as you want with out paying restoration dark magicks are painful.

For me dark magicks Buy Xenical Online do include cursing and hexing but they are only if ever used when totally required and with much forethought. The dark magick of which I speak are the inner pains we feel the betrayals the hurts and loses, at the time we feel them we can not understand them so by revisiting them and experiencing them once more! We gain a better understanding of our nature. And only by descending into darkness and chaos can we truly understand it.

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Originally posted 2010-08-10 07:26:40. Republished by Blog Post Promoter